Introduction The universe is almost 13 billion years old. Huge clusters of galaxies comprise the universe. There have been many theories proposed by various experts which attempt to explain the origin and evolution of the… Exploring the Origins of the Universe and Our Solar System Theories and Discoveries: Physical Geography for UPSC
Standard Time and Its Necessity Now for each city or a place to keep individual time based on its longitudinal position would complicate matters, especially in cases of medium to big countries. Since for each… Standard Time and Time Zones – Physical Geography (UPSC)
Latitude and longitude form Earth’s coordinate system for precise location mapping. Latitudes are horizontal circles (0° to 90° N/S) measuring distance from the Equator. Longitudes are vertical semicircles (0° to 180° E/W) measuring distance from the Prime Meridian at Greenwich. Key parallels include Equator (0°), Tropic of Cancer (23½°N), Tropic of Capricorn (23½°S), Arctic Circle (66½°N), and Antarctic Circle (66½°S). Every 15° longitude equals one hour time difference, making them essential for navigation, climate zones, and timekeeping worldwide.
The Earth is spherical in shape; it is an established fact, backed by several pieces of evidence. The equatorial circumference of the Earth is 24,897 miles, while its polar circumference is less than 83 miles… The Shape of the Earth: Physical Geography (UPSC)
Planetary Bodies Moon The Moon is the only natural satellite of Earth and the fifth-largest moon in the solar system. It is believed to have formed after a Mars-sized body collided with Earth. It orbits… Other Planetary Bodies: Physical Geography (UPSC)
Planet Distance from Sun (Million of km) Orbital Velocity (km per second) Period of Revolution Mercury 58 48 88 days Venus 108 35 225 days Earth 150 30 1 year Mars 228 24 2 years… Planets – Physical Geography (UPSC)
• The Sun can be considered the heart of our solar system. It is the largest object in the solar system, making up 99.8% of its mass.• The Sun’s surface temperature is about 6000°C, increasing… Sun – Physical Geography (UPSC)
In our solar system, Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only one known to harbor life. Radiometric dating, a method used to determine the age of rocks or carbon, suggests that… Earth’s Place in the Universe and Solar System – Physical Geography (UPSC)