Latitude and longitude form Earth’s coordinate system for precise location mapping. Latitudes are horizontal circles (0° to 90° N/S) measuring distance from the Equator. Longitudes are vertical semicircles (0° to 180° E/W) measuring distance from the Prime Meridian at Greenwich. Key parallels include Equator (0°), Tropic of Cancer (23½°N), Tropic of Capricorn (23½°S), Arctic Circle (66½°N), and Antarctic Circle (66½°S). Every 15° longitude equals one hour time difference, making them essential for navigation, climate zones, and timekeeping worldwide.

The Earth is spherical in shape; it is an established fact, backed by several pieces of evidence. The equatorial circumference

Planetary Bodies Moon The Moon is the only natural satellite of Earth and the fifth-largest moon in the solar system.

Planet Distance from Sun (Million of km) Orbital Velocity (km per second) Period of Revolution Mercury 58 48 88 days

• The Sun can be considered the heart of our solar system. It is the largest object in the solar