अंतर्जात और बहिर्जात बल पृथ्वी की आंतरिक और बाहरी शक्तियां हैं जो भूमि की आकृति बनाती हैं। अंतर्जात बल (Endogenetic Forces) पृथ्वी के अंदर से आते हैं और पर्वत, ज्वालामुखी, भूकंप का कारण बनते हैं – इन्हें रचनात्मक बल कहते हैं। बहिर्जात बल (Exogenetic Forces) सतह पर काम करके अपरदन, अनाच्छादन द्वारा स्थलाकृति को समतल बनाते हैं – इन्हें विनाशकारी बल कहते हैं। पटल विरूपण संचलन से वलन-भ्रंश, आकस्मिक संचलन से भूकंप-ज्वालामुखी बनते हैं।
The bulk density and water content of a soil are 1800 kg/m3 and 18%, respectively. The dry density of the soil calculated from the given information is ______________ kg/m3. [round off to 2 decimal places] Given: Objective: Calculate the dry density (ρd) of the soil. Formula for Dry Density: The dry density (ρd) can be
Solution to GATE 2023 Geology GG1 Numerical Problem Read More »
Question: 11 The Earth’s magnetic field originates from convection in which one of the following layers? Detailed Answer: The Earth’s magnetic field is primarily generated by the movement of molten iron and nickel in the outer core, through a process called the geodynamo. Let’s break down the layers and their roles: Question:12 Which one of
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Photogeology is the science and practice of interpreting aerial and space-borne imagery to extract qualitative and quantitative geological information about the Earth’s surface and subsurface structures.
Photogeology in Modern Earth Science: Advantages, Limitations, and GIS Integration Read More »
Scope of Remote Sensing in Natural Resources Survey The wealth of mankind largely depends on the application of science to the production and transformation of natural resources useful to man. In the past, this wealth was heavily dependent on agriculture and agricultural products, and in many parts of the world, it still is. However, in
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Rare Earth Elements (REE) The rare earth elements (REE) are the most useful of all trace elements, with significant applications in igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic petrology. The REE comprise the series of metals with atomic numbers 57 to 71 (La to Lu). Additionally, the element Y, which has an ionic radius similar to that of
How do we know the temperature of an ancient ocean from 100 million years ago, or the heat of a magma chamber long turned to stone? The answer lies in the atomic weight of oxygen. Isotope Thermometry acts as Earth’s “paleo-thermometer,” utilizing the temperature-dependent exchange of Oxygen-16 and Oxygen-18 between minerals. Whether you are studying
Isotope Geothermometry: How Rocks Record Ancient Heat Read More »
Sulphur Isotopes There are four stable isotopes of sulphur: The ratio between the two most abundant isotopes, 34S/32S, is essential in geochemistry. It is expressed in parts per thousand relative to the troilite (FeS) reference standard from the Canyon Diablo iron meteorite (CDT) as follows: 34S/32S=( 34S/32S (sample) – 34S/32S (standard) ) / 34S/32S (standard)
Carbon Isotopes Carbon has two stable isotopes with the following abundances: Measurements are made relative to a standard belemnite sample known as PDB – Belemnitella americana from the Cretaceous Peedee formation, South Carolina. The original material of the PDB standard is now exhausted, and current standard materials are a carbonatite (NBS-18) and a marine limestone
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Hydrogen Isotopes There are two naturally occurring stable isotopes of hydrogen, which occur in the following proportions: Hydrogen isotopes show the largest relative mass difference between two stable isotopes. This leads to significant variations in hydrogen isotope ratios in naturally occurring materials. These isotopes are widespread in nature, present in forms like H₂O, OH⁻, H₂,
Hydrogen Isotopes: Measurement, Variations, and Applications in Geological Studies Read More »