What are the stable isotopes of oxygen and their abundances? There are three stable isotopes of oxygen which have the following abundances: The isotope ratio 18O/16O is typically measured in oxygen isotope studies, and δ values are calculated from this ratio. There are two main isotopic standards used for these measurements: PDB and SMOW. PDB […]
Oxygen Isotopes and variations of delta 18 O in nature Read More »
Understanding the physical and chemical controls on stable isotope fractionation is vital to a correct interpretation of measured stable isotope ratios. When the fractionation processes are well understood, the measured δ-values can be used to correctly identify the source of the element in question and the geological processes involved. In this section, we examine briefly
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What is Isotope Fractionation? Isotope fractionation is the process by which stable isotopes are separated based on their mass rather than their chemical properties. This natural process occurs in three main ways: 1. Isotopic Exchange Reactions Isotope fractionation can occur during conventional exchange reactions, such as when oxygen isotopes exchange between quartz and magnetite. The
Isotope Fractionation and Mathematical Approximations Used in Isotope Fractionation Read More »
The Asian Surfing Championship 2024 was held in Thulusdhoo, Maldives. In this competition, the Indian team, including Kamali P, Ajish Ali, Shrikant D, and Sanjay Selvamani, won the silver medal. Japan defeated India to win the gold medal. This was the third edition of the championship. This year, qualifying matches for the 2026 Asian Games
Endogenetic Force Endogenetic Force refers to the force generated from the Earth’s interior. It is responsible for the formation of various landforms through internal movements, and hence, it is also known as ‘constructive movement.’ These forces create landforms on the Earth’s surface, which are then transformed into flat plains by external forces, earning them the
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The Himalayas represent one of Earth’s most complex mountain systems, formed through tectonic collision between Indian and Eurasian plates. This massive folded mountain chain spans 2,500 km and consists of three main divisions: Greater Himalayas (highest peaks), Lesser Himalayas (medium height ranges), and Outer Himalayas (Shivalik foothills). The structure includes five major tectonic zones from the Indus-Tsangpo Suture Zone in the north to the Sub-Himalayas in the south, each characterized by distinct geological formations and thrust systems.
Structure of Himalayas: Complete Guide to Mountain Formation Read More »
ODOS A system for DAE to enhance scientific research access, the ‘One DAE One Subscription’ (ODOS) program will have an important effect on all approximately 60 affiliated units of the Department of Atomic Energy. An initiative like this that makes intake procedures more efficient will make the discovery of science easier and will contribute to
Planets are solid celestial bodies orbiting the Sun in elliptical orbits. They reflect sunlight but do not emit their own light. Our Solar System includes eight major planets classified as terrestrial (rocky) and Jovian (gaseous) planets, each with unique features and characteristics.
The British education policy implemented in colonial India served as a tool to advance colonial interests and consolidate British rule over the Indian subcontinent. This policy, while aiming to perpetuate colonial dominance, inadvertently catalyzed the emergence of Indian nationalism, shaping the course of India’s struggle for independence. Subjugation through Education 1. Facilitating Colonial Rule a.
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India is a land of “unity in diversity,” but what happens when that diversity demands its own political stage? From the linguistic pride of the South to the tribal autonomy demands of the North East, regionalism has shaped India’s political map for seven decades. It is a double-edged sword that can either empower local communities
Regionalism in India: Roots, Forms, and Impact on Democracy Read More »