Hydrological properties of Rocks: Hydrological properties are the characteristics of rocks and soils that affect the movement, storage, and distribution of water within the Earth’s crust. These properties include porosity, permeability, specific yield, specific retention, and storativity, which determine the capacity of geological materials to store and transmit water. POROSITY (n) The bulk volume of […]

Proximate analysis The most common analysis is proximate analysis. A proximate analysis is a common laboratory procedure to provide the fundamental composition of coal. It is used on coal during exploration, mining, and preparation. This analysis is also widely used for industrial purposes and for grading the coals.  Proximate analysis is a measure of the

Lithostratigraphy Definition of Lithostratigraphy Lithostratigraphy is a branch of stratigraphy focused on the recognition, subdivision, and correlation of sedimentary rocks based on their lithology. Definition of Lithology Lithology involves the study and description of the physical characteristics of rocks, including: Lithostratigraphic Units Lithostratigraphic units are bodies of sedimentary, extrusive igneous, metasedimentary, or metavolcanic rock, defined

 Introduction   The branch of geology concerned with the description, correlation, and interpretation of stratified sediments and stratified rocks on and in the Earth.  The greatest part of the uppermost zone of the earth’s bedrock is sedimentary rock, stratigraphy is an important branch of Earth science.   Of the rocks exposed on earth’s surface almost

Microscopic Constituents of Hard Coals Classification of Coals at the Macroscopic Scale The hard bituminous coals can be classified into two types: On a macroscopic basis, lithotypes classify bands of coal that are visibly discernible according to their dominant and minor maceral contents. Humic Coal What is Humic Coal? Humic coals are composed of a

Water is the lifeblood of our planet, constantly moving in a loop that has sustained life for billions of years. But the Hydrological Cycle is more than just rain falling and evaporating. It is a complex geological engine driven by solar energy and gravity, involving intricate sub-surface flows and atmospheric exchanges. Whether you are a

What is Coal? Accumulated, compacted, and altered plants from the sedimentary rock is called coal. What are the Theories of Coal Formation? Two theories proposed for the mode of accumulation of plant materials that transform into coal are: In-situ (Autochthonous) Theory of Coal Formation What is the In-situ Theory? The popular theory is that the

What is Groundwater Hydrology? Groundwater hydrology is the study of the occurrence, distribution, and movement of water lying below the earth’s surface within the pore spaces of the soil or rock. Groundwater means water occupying all voids within a geologic stratum. All groundwater lying within the pore spaces of the soil or rock below the