Class 12 Physics Part 1 and 2 English Medium book pdf

Leave a Comment / By StudyHUB / January 25, 2026

Section	Topic	Page No.
1.1	Introduction	1
1.2	Electric Charges	1
1.3	Conductors and Insulators	5
1.4	Charging by Induction	6
1.5	Basic Properties of Electric Charge	8
1.6	Coulomb’s Law	10
1.7	Forces between Multiple Charges	15
1.8	Electric Field	18
1.9	Electric Field Lines	23
1.10	Electric Flux	25
1.11	Electric Dipole	27
1.12	Dipole in a Uniform External Field	31
1.13	Continuous Charge Distribution	32
1.14	Gauss’s Law	33
1.15	Application of Gauss’s Law	37

Section	Topic	Page No.
2.1	Introduction	51
2.2	Electrostatic Potential	53
2.3	Potential due to a Point Charge	54
2.4	Potential due to an Electric Dipole	55
2.5	Potential due to a System of Charges	57
2.6	Equipotential Surfaces	60
2.7	Potential Energy of a System of Charges	61
2.8	Potential Energy in an External Field	64
2.9	Electrostatics of Conductors	67
2.10	Dielectrics and Polarisation	71
2.11	Capacitors and Capacitance	73
2.12	The Parallel Plate Capacitor	74
2.13	Effect of Dielectric on Capacitance	75
2.14	Combination of Capacitors	78
2.15	Energy Stored in a Capacitor	80
2.16	Van de Graaff Generator	83

Section	Topic	Page No.
3.1	Introduction	93
3.2	Electric Current	93
3.3	Electric Currents in Conductors	94
3.4	Ohm’s law	95
3.5	Drift of Electrons and the Origin of Resistivity	97
3.6	Limitations of Ohm’s Law	101
3.7	Resistivity of various Materials	101
3.8	Temperature Dependence of Resistivity	103
3.9	Electrical Energy, Power	105
3.10	Combination of Resistors — Series and Parallel	107
3.11	Cells, emf, Internal Resistance	110
3.12	Cells in Series and in Parallel	113
3.13	Kirchhoff’s Laws	115
3.14	Wheatstone Bridge	118
3.15	Meter Bridge	120
3.16	Potentiometer	122

Section	Topic	Page No.
4.1	Introduction	132
4.2	Magnetic Force	133
4.3	Motion in a Magnetic Field	137
4.4	Motion in Combined Electric and Magnetic Fields	140
4.5	Magnetic Field due to a Current Element, Biot-Savart Law	143
4.6	Magnetic Field on the Axis of a Circular Current Loop	145
4.7	Ampere’s Circuital Law	147
4.8	The Solenoid and the Toroid	150
4.9	Force between Two Parallel Currents, the Ampere	154
4.10	Torque on Current Loop, Magnetic Dipole	157
4.11	The Moving Coil Galvanometer	163

Section	Topic	Page No.
5.1	Introduction	173
5.2	The Bar Magnet	174
5.3	Magnetism and Gauss’s Law	181
5.4	The Earth’s Magnetism	185
5.5	Magnetisation and Magnetic Intensity	189
5.6	Magnetic Properties of Materials	191
5.7	Permanent Magnets and Electromagnets	195

Section	Topic	Page No.
6.1	Introduction	204
6.2	The Experiments of Faraday and Henry	205
6.3	Magnetic Flux	206
6.4	Faraday’s Law of Induction	207
6.5	Lenz’s Law and Conservation of Energy	210
6.6	Motional Electromotive Force	212
6.7	Energy Consideration: A Quantitative Study	215
6.8	Eddy Currents	218
6.9	Inductance	219
6.10	AC Generator	224

Section	Topic	Page No.
7.1	Introduction	233
7.2	AC Voltage Applied to a Resistor	234
7.3	Representation of AC Current and Voltage by Rotating Vectors — Phasors	237
7.4	AC Voltage Applied to an Inductor	237
7.5	AC Voltage Applied to a Capacitor	241
7.6	AC Voltage Applied to a Series LCR Circuit	244
7.7	Power in AC Circuit: The Power Factor	252
7.8	LC Oscillations	255
7.9	Transformers	259

Section	Topic	Page No.
9.1	Introduction	309
9.2	Reflection of Light by Spherical Mirrors	310
9.3	Refraction	316
9.4	Total Internal Reflection	319
9.5	Refraction at Spherical Surfaces and by Lenses	323
9.6	Refraction through a Prism	330
9.7	Dispersion by a Prism	332
9.8	Some Natural Phenomena due to Sunlight	333
9.9	Optical Instruments	335

Section	Topic	Page No.
10.1	Introduction	351
10.2	Huygens Principle	353
10.3	Refraction and reflection of plane waves using Huygens Principle	355
10.4	Coherent and Incoherent Addition of Waves	360
10.5	Interference of Light Waves and Young’s Experiment	362
10.6	Diffraction	367
10.7	Polarisation	376

Section	Topic	Page No.
11.1	Introduction	386
11.2	Electron Emission	387
11.3	Photoelectric Effect	388
11.4	Experimental Study of Photoelectric Effect	389
11.5	Photoelectric Effect and Wave Theory of Light	393
11.6	Einstein’s Photoelectric Equation: Energy Quantum of Radiation	393
11.7	Particle Nature of Light: The Photon	395
11.8	Wave Nature of Matter	398
11.9	Davisson and Germer Experiment	403

Section	Topic	Page No.
12.1	Introduction	414
12.2	Alpha-particle Scattering and Rutherford’s Nuclear Model of Atom	415
12.3	Atomic Spectra	420
12.4	Bohr Model of the Hydrogen Atom	422
12.5	The Line Spectra of the Hydrogen Atom	428
12.6	De Broglie’s Explanation of Bohr’s Second Postulate of Quantisation	430

Section	Topic	Page No.
13.1	Introduction	438
13.2	Atomic Masses and Composition of Nucleus	438
13.3	Size of the Nucleus	441
13.5	Nuclear Force	445
13.6	Radioactivity	446
13.7	Nuclear Energy	451

Section	Topic	Page No.
14.1	Introduction	467
14.2	Classification of Metals, Conductors and Semiconductors	468
14.3	Intrinsic Semiconductor	472
14.4	Extrinsic Semiconductor	474
14.5	p-n Junction	478
14.6	Semiconductor Diode	479
14.7	Application of Junction Diode as a Rectifier	483
14.8	Special Purpose p-n Junction Diodes	485
14.9	Junction Transistor	490
14.10	Digital Electronics and Logic Gates	501
14.11	Integrated Circuits	505

Section	Topic	Page No.
15.1	Introduction	513
15.2	Elements of a Communication System	513
15.3	Basic Terminology Used in Electronic Communication Systems	515
15.4	Bandwidth of Signals	517
15.5	Bandwidth of Transmission Medium	518
15.6	Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves	519
15.7	Modulation and its Necessity	522
15.8	Amplitude Modulation	524
15.9	Production of Amplitude Modulated Wave	525
15.10	Detection of Amplitude Modulated Wave	526
–	Additional Information	528