If you are fascinated by the hidden structures of our planet, you have likely come across
SPANGOLITE. This mineral is a compelling subject for study, offering a unique glimpse into the complex chemistry that shapes the Earth’s crust.Whether you are a student identifying a hand sample, a researcher looking for crystallographic data, or a collector curious about a new find, this guide breaks down everything you need to know about
SPANGOLITE. From its precise chemical formula to the geological environments where it thrives, let’s explore what makes this mineral distinct.
The Chemistry Behind the Crystal
Every mineral tells a story through its chemistry. At its core,
SPANGOLITE is defined by the chemical formula
Cu6Al(SO4)Cl(OH)12·3H2O.This isn’t just a string of letters and numbers; it represents the precise recipe of elements that nature used to build this specimen. This specific chemical composition is what gives the mineral its stability and dictates how it reacts with acids, heat, or other minerals. It is the fundamental “DNA” that geologists use to classify it within the larger mineral kingdom.
Crystallography: Geometry in Nature
One of the most beautiful aspects of mineralogy is the hidden geometry within every stone.
SPANGOLITE crystallizes in the
Hexagonal-Trigonal system.Think of this as the mineral’s architectural blueprint. It dictates the symmetry and the angles at which the crystal faces grow. Digging deeper into its symmetry, it falls under the
Ditrigonal pyramidal.
- Point Group: 3 m
- Space Group: P31c
Why does this matter? These crystallographic details are like a fingerprint. They influence optical properties—how light travels through the crystal—and physical traits like how it breaks or cleaves when struck.
Internal Structure and Unit Cell
If we could zoom in to the atomic level, we would see the “Unit Cell”—the smallest repeating box of atoms that builds up the entire crystal. For
SPANGOLITE, the dimensions of this microscopic building block are:
a=8.25Å, c=14.35Å, Z=2
The internal arrangement of these atoms is described as:
Sulfates, selenates, tellurates: typified by SO4, SeO4, TeO4 tetrahedra, octahedrally coordinated cations can be insular, corner-sharing, or edge sharing with add’l anions with H2O with medium-sized cations, sheets of edge-sharing octahedra; 3 CuO(OH)5 & 3 CuCl(OH)5 octahedra & 1 Al(OH)6 octahedron share edges to form brucite-like [Cu6Al|Cl|O|(OH)12]0 sheets // (0001) decorated on 1 side by SO4 tetrahedra that share corner with octahedra (as in langite); “free” H2O molecules loc btw sheets & linked sheets by H—bonding.1 Consists of edge-sharing sheet of CuΦ6 & AlΦ6 octahedra, decorated on one side by SO4 tetrahedra; CuΦ6 octahedra are assoc together in edge-sharing trimers lying on [3]-rotation axes; sulfate tetrahedron links to central anion on 1 side of this trimer; these clusters link outward by sharing edges with AlΦ6 octahedra that lie on adjacent [3]-axes, producing continuous MΦ2 sheet; these sheets then link along c axis by H—bonding btw OH & H2O anions of 1 sheet & sulfate O atoms of adjacent sheet.2This internal structure is the invisible framework that supports everything we see on the outside, from the mineral’s density to its hardness.
Physical Appearance (Habit)
When you find
SPANGOLITE in the field, what does it actually look like? A mineral’s “habit” describes its typical shape and growth pattern.
- Common Habit: Equant crystals, flattened, or elongated, deeply striated, hemimorphic; in parallel aggregates, massive
- Twinning: On {0001}, acute forms about opposite antilogous poles joined to give hourglass shape
Twinning is a fascinating phenomenon where two or more crystals grow interlocked in a specific symmetrical pattern. If SPANGOLITE exhibits twinning, it can be a dead giveaway for identification, distinguishing it from look-alike minerals.
Where is it Found? (Geologic Occurrence)
Minerals are the products of their environment. They don’t just appear anywhere; they need specific conditions—pressure, temperature, and chemical ingredients—to form.
Geologic Occurrence:
Secondary mineral in oxidization zone of hydrothermal Cu-depositsKnowing this context helps geologists reconstruct the history of a rock formation. It tells us whether the rock was born from cooling magma, settled in an ancient ocean, or was transformed by the intense heat and pressure of metamorphism. For more broad geological context, resources like the
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) provide excellent maps and data.
Related Minerals
No mineral exists in a vacuum.
SPANGOLITE is often related to other species, either through similar chemistry or structure.
Relationship Data:
S analog of llantenesite; compare guarinoite, namuwite, schulenbergiteUnderstanding these relationships is key. It helps us see the “family tree” of the mineral world, showing how different elements can substitute for one another to create an entirely new species with similar properties.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. What is the chemical formula of SPANGOLITE?The standard chemical formula for SPANGOLITE is
Cu6Al(SO4)Cl(OH)12·3H2O. This defines its elemental composition.
2. Which crystal system does SPANGOLITE belong to?SPANGOLITE crystallizes in the
Hexagonal-Trigonal system. Its internal symmetry is further classified under the Ditrigonal pyramidal class.
3. How is SPANGOLITE typically found in nature?The “habit” or typical appearance of SPANGOLITE is described as
Equant crystals, flattened, or elongated, deeply striated, hemimorphic; in parallel aggregates, massive. This refers to the shape the crystals take when they grow without obstruction.
4. In what geological environments does SPANGOLITE form?SPANGOLITE is typically found in environments described as:
Secondary mineral in oxidization zone of hydrothermal Cu-deposits. This gives clues to the geological history of the area where it is discovered.
5. Are there other minerals related to SPANGOLITE?Yes, it is often associated with or related to other minerals such as:
S analog of llantenesite; compare guarinoite, namuwite, schulenbergite.
External Resources for Further Study
For those looking to dive deeper into the specific mineralogical data of
SPANGOLITE, we recommend checking high-authority databases:
Final Thoughts
SPANGOLITE is more than just a name on a list; it is a testament to the orderly and beautiful laws of nature. With a chemical backbone of
Cu6Al(SO4)Cl(OH)12·3H2O and a structure defined by the
Hexagonal-Trigonal system, it holds a specific and important place in the study of mineralogy.We hope this overview has helped clarify the essential data points for this specimen. Whether for academic study or personal interest, understanding these properties brings us one step closer to understanding the Earth itself.
