If you are fascinated by the hidden structures of our planet, you have likely come across
YVONITE. This mineral is a compelling subject for study, offering a unique glimpse into the complex chemistry that shapes the Earth’s crust.Whether you are a student identifying a hand sample, a researcher looking for crystallographic data, or a collector curious about a new find, this guide breaks down everything you need to know about
YVONITE. From its precise chemical formula to the geological environments where it thrives, let’s explore what makes this mineral distinct.
The Chemistry Behind the Crystal
Every mineral tells a story through its chemistry. At its core,
YVONITE is defined by the chemical formula
Cu(AsO3OH)(H2O)2.This isn’t just a string of letters and numbers; it represents the precise recipe of elements that nature used to build this specimen. This specific chemical composition is what gives the mineral its stability and dictates how it reacts with acids, heat, or other minerals. It is the fundamental “DNA” that geologists use to classify it within the larger mineral kingdom.
Crystallography: Geometry in Nature
One of the most beautiful aspects of mineralogy is the hidden geometry within every stone.
YVONITE crystallizes in the
Triclinic system.Think of this as the mineral’s architectural blueprint. It dictates the symmetry and the angles at which the crystal faces grow. Digging deeper into its symmetry, it falls under the
Pinacoidal.
- Point Group: 1
- Space Group: P1
Why does this matter? These crystallographic details are like a fingerprint. They influence optical properties—how light travels through the crystal—and physical traits like how it breaks or cleaves when struck.
Internal Structure and Unit Cell
If we could zoom in to the atomic level, we would see the “Unit Cell”—the smallest repeating box of atoms that builds up the entire crystal. For
YVONITE, the dimensions of this microscopic building block are:
a=7.63Å, b=11.17Å, c=6.02Å, α=89.3o, ß=86.5o, γ=74.7o, Z=4
The internal arrangement of these atoms is described as:
Phosphates, arsenate, vanadate: anions [PO4]3-, [AsO4]3-, [VO4]3- are usually insular; cations may be small with [4] coordination, medium-sized with [6] coordination, or large with [8] or higher coordination; medium-sized cations with octahedral [6] coordination may be insular, corner-, edge- or face-sharing & form major structural units w/o add’l anions with H2O with medium-sized cations, RO4:H2O = 1:1; edge sharing chains of M[6] octahedra // [001] are linked into sheets // (100) by As[4] tetrahedra.2 There are 2 symmetrically independent distorted CuO5(H2O) octahedra in structure; they share edges & form cis [CuO3(H2O)] chains || to [001]; 2 symmetrically independent distorted AsO3(OH)] tetrahedra cross-link these chains to form sheets || to (100); 2 symmetrically independent H2O molecules are loc btw sheets, which are linked by network of H—bonds, accting for prf cleavage of yvonite; structurally related to geminite & fluckite.3This internal structure is the invisible framework that supports everything we see on the outside, from the mineral’s density to its hardness.
Physical Appearance (Habit)
When you find
YVONITE in the field, what does it actually look like? A mineral’s “habit” describes its typical shape and growth pattern.
- Common Habit: Elongated, flattened micro crystals, in radiated spherules and aggregates
- Twinning: Multiple laminae, with composition plane {010}, twin axis perpendicular {010}
Twinning is a fascinating phenomenon where two or more crystals grow interlocked in a specific symmetrical pattern. If YVONITE exhibits twinning, it can be a dead giveaway for identification, distinguishing it from look-alike minerals.
Where is it Found? (Geologic Occurrence)
Minerals are the products of their environment. They don’t just appear anywhere; they need specific conditions—pressure, temperature, and chemical ingredients—to form.
Geologic Occurrence:
Secondary mineral from mine dumps at a gold-bearing arsenic sulfide depositKnowing this context helps geologists reconstruct the history of a rock formation. It tells us whether the rock was born from cooling magma, settled in an ancient ocean, or was transformed by the intense heat and pressure of metamorphism. For more broad geological context, resources like the
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) provide excellent maps and data.
Related Minerals
No mineral exists in a vacuum.
YVONITE is often related to other species, either through similar chemistry or structure.
Relationship Data:
Koritnigite group; Cu – analog of koritnigite and cobaltkoritnigiteUnderstanding these relationships is key. It helps us see the “family tree” of the mineral world, showing how different elements can substitute for one another to create an entirely new species with similar properties.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. What is the chemical formula of YVONITE?The standard chemical formula for YVONITE is
Cu(AsO3OH)(H2O)2. This defines its elemental composition.
2. Which crystal system does YVONITE belong to?YVONITE crystallizes in the
Triclinic system. Its internal symmetry is further classified under the Pinacoidal class.
3. How is YVONITE typically found in nature?The “habit” or typical appearance of YVONITE is described as
Elongated, flattened micro crystals, in radiated spherules and aggregates. This refers to the shape the crystals take when they grow without obstruction.
4. In what geological environments does YVONITE form?YVONITE is typically found in environments described as:
Secondary mineral from mine dumps at a gold-bearing arsenic sulfide deposit. This gives clues to the geological history of the area where it is discovered.
5. Are there other minerals related to YVONITE?Yes, it is often associated with or related to other minerals such as:
Koritnigite group; Cu – analog of koritnigite and cobaltkoritnigite.
External Resources for Further Study
For those looking to dive deeper into the specific mineralogical data of
YVONITE, we recommend checking high-authority databases:
Final Thoughts
YVONITE is more than just a name on a list; it is a testament to the orderly and beautiful laws of nature. With a chemical backbone of
Cu(AsO3OH)(H2O)2 and a structure defined by the
Triclinic system, it holds a specific and important place in the study of mineralogy.We hope this overview has helped clarify the essential data points for this specimen. Whether for academic study or personal interest, understanding these properties brings us one step closer to understanding the Earth itself.
