भारत के प्रमुख शोध संस्थान एवं उनके अध्यक्ष (जुलाई 2025 तक की जानकारी के अनुसार ) यहाँ भारत के प्रमुख अनुसंधान केंद्रों और संस्थानों की एक अद्यतन सूची है, जिसमें उनके मुख्यालय, राज्य और वर्तमान अध्यक्ष या निदेशक (जुलाई 2025 तक की जानकारी के अनुसार) शामिल हैं। अनुसंधान केन्द्र (Research Centre) मुख्यालय (Headquarters) राज्य (State) […]
How Latitude Affects the Distribution of Solar Radiation If Earth were a flat surface oriented perpendicularly to the Sun, solar rays would be distributed uniformly across its entirety. However, due to Earth’s spherical shape, the intensity and quantity of solar radiation significantly vary with latitude. Regions situated at higher latitudes receive markedly less solar energy
Ocean heating phenomenon refers to the systematic redistribution of thermal energy from low-latitude oceanic regions to polar areas through atmospheric and oceanic circulation systems. Near polar regions, solar radiation strikes Earth’s surface at low angles with high albedo from ice surfaces reflecting substantial energy back to space. Conversely, in the 35°N to 40°S latitude zone, steeper solar angles enable greater energy absorption. This creates a net heat gain in equatorial oceans and net heat loss in polar regions, driving global heat redistribution through thermohaline circulation and atmospheric processes.
What is the ocean heating phenomenon? Complete Guide Read More »
WHO Endorses Biannual HIV Prevention Injection Amid Concerns Over Global HIV Funding The World Health Organization has formally advised that nations adopt the newly sanctioned HIV prevention medication, lenacapavir, as a strategic measure in combating HIV transmission—particularly among high-risk populations and within regions experiencing a notable HIV burden. This global advisory, announced during the International
WHO recommends Gilead’s twice-yearly injection for HIV prevention Read More »
What Causes Earth’s Seasons? This seemingly straightforward inquiry often leads to a common misunderstanding: Although Earth follows an elliptical trajectory around the Sun that deviates only minimally from a perfect circle, the changing distance between Earth and the Sun is not the primary cause of seasonal variation. Instead, as elaborated below, the fundamental factor influencing
Why did the Mughals fail? The Mughal Empire, established by Zahiruddin Babur following his decisive triumph at the Battle of Panipat in 1526, experienced continuous expansion under his successors. It attained its maximum territorial extent during the reign of Aurangzeb (1657–1707), when the empire extended from Kashmir in the north to Jinji in the south
Humid air is actually lighter than dry air at the same temperature and pressure. This counterintuitive fact occurs because water vapor molecules (H₂O, molecular weight 18) are lighter than the nitrogen (N₂, molecular weight 28) and oxygen (O₂, molecular weight 32) molecules they replace in the atmosphere. According to Avogadro’s law, equal volumes of gases contain the same number of molecules, so when lighter water vapor displaces heavier air molecules, the overall mass decreases, making humid air less dense than dry air.
Is Humid Air Heavier Than Dry Air? Scientific Facts 2025 Read More »
Coral reefs are marine ecosystems formed by colonies of coral polyps held together by calcium carbonate. These biodiversity hotspots support over 4,000 fish species and 800 hard coral species, earning them the nickname “Rainforests of the Sea.” Coral reefs require warm water temperatures (70-85°F), clear shallow waters, and adequate sunlight for their symbiotic algae called zooxanthellae to perform photosynthesis.
What Are Coral Reefs? Ecosystem Facts & Conservation 2025 Read More »
Imagine a landmass entirely surrounded by water, isolated from the rest of the world. From the massive expanse of Greenland to the tiny coral atolls of the Pacific, islands are among Earth’s most fascinating geological features. Yet, not all islands are created equal. Some broke away from ancient continents, while others rose violently from the
How Islands Form: The Geology Behind Hawaii, Madagascar, and Dubai Read More »
We, the People of India…” These opening words are not just an introduction; they are the heartbeat of the world’s largest democracy. The Preamble serves as the identity card of the Indian Constitution, encapsulating the dreams of our freedom fighters and the legal framework of our nation. But is it legally enforceable? Whether you are
Decoding the Preamble: The Soul of the Indian Constitution Read More »