What is Isotope Fractionation? Isotope fractionation is the process by which stable isotopes are separated based on their mass rather than their chemical properties. This natural process occurs in three main ways: 1. Isotopic Exchange Reactions Isotope fractionation can occur during conventional exchange reactions, such as when oxygen isotopes exchange between quartz and magnetite. The […]

Kaladgi Basin and Bhima Basin

What is Cuddapah Basin? The crescent-shaped, convex towards the west, easterly concave, and NS trending Cuddapah basin covers an area of 44,000 sq. km in the east-central part of the Dharwar craton. The Cuddapah Basin is an arcuate north-plunging, low-amplitude asymmetrical synclinorium. Cuddapah sedimentation commenced in the interval 1700–1800 Ma. The basin extends for a

What is the Chhattisgarh Basin? The Chhattisgarh basin is the largest Purana basin in the Bastar craton, covering approximately 36,000 sq. km. It is situated on the northern edge of the Bastar craton and is bounded by several geological features: The basin is the third largest Purana basin after the Vindhyan and Cuddapah basins, extending

Proterozoic Sedimentary Basins (Purana Basins) A number of nearly flat-lying, virtually un-metamorphosed, and partly deformed Proterozoic cratonic basins form a significant part of the Precambrian shield of India. These sub-horizontal Proterozoic basins predominantly contain orthoquartzite shale-carbonate suites varying in thickness from 100 to 10,000 meters and were deposited episodically, with frequent breaks in sedimentation, over

Satpura Mobile Belt (SMB) What is the Satpura Mobile Belt? The Satpura Mobile Belt (SMB) is a very long east-west trending orogenic belt that traverses the northern part of Peninsular India. It divides the Indian shield into the northern Bundelkhand protocontinent and the southern Deccan protocontinent. How is the Satpura Mobile Belt divided? The belt

Aravalli Craton What areas does the Aravalli Craton cover? The Aravalli Craton covers over one lakh(100000) sq. km, including the entire state of Rajasthan, parts of Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, and fringes of Delhi and Haryana. What are the main components of the composite Aravalli Craton? The composite Aravalli Craton consists of the Mewar Craton in

The Bundelkhand Craton is a 26,000 sq. km Archean cratonic block in central India, characterized by a triangular geometry with semi-circular sides. It is named after the 15th-century Bundelkhand kingdom. This geological formation contains tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite (TTG) gneisses dating from 3.55–2.5 Ga, Bundelkhand granite complexes, and distinctive supracrustal rock enclaves. The craton is bounded by the Son-Narmada lineament in the south, separated from the Aravalli craton by the Vindhyan basin in the west, and overlain by Indo-Gangetic alluvium in the north.

Introduction of Singhbhum Craton? Singhbhum Craton covers a triangular area of 50,000 sq. km and consists of a core (8,000 sq. km) of Singhbhum granite, rimmed by supracrustals of varied character and age. It covers Jharkhand, Odisha, and adjoining areas in the eastern part of the Indian Shield. Location and Boundaries of Singhbhum Craton The