Introduction   The branch of geology concerned with the description, correlation, and interpretation of stratified sediments and stratified rocks on and in the Earth.  The greatest part of the uppermost zone of the earth’s bedrock is sedimentary rock, stratigraphy is an important branch of Earth science.   Of the rocks exposed on earth’s surface almost […]

Microscopic Constituents of Hard Coals Classification of Coals at the Macroscopic Scale The hard bituminous coals can be classified into two types: On a macroscopic basis, lithotypes classify bands of coal that are visibly discernible according to their dominant and minor maceral contents. Humic Coal What is Humic Coal? Humic coals are composed of a

Water is the lifeblood of our planet, constantly moving in a loop that has sustained life for billions of years. But the Hydrological Cycle is more than just rain falling and evaporating. It is a complex geological engine driven by solar energy and gravity, involving intricate sub-surface flows and atmospheric exchanges. Whether you are a

What is Coal? Accumulated, compacted, and altered plants from the sedimentary rock is called coal. What are the Theories of Coal Formation? Two theories proposed for the mode of accumulation of plant materials that transform into coal are: In-situ (Autochthonous) Theory of Coal Formation What is the In-situ Theory? The popular theory is that the

What is Groundwater Hydrology? Groundwater hydrology is the study of the occurrence, distribution, and movement of water lying below the earth’s surface within the pore spaces of the soil or rock. Groundwater means water occupying all voids within a geologic stratum. All groundwater lying within the pore spaces of the soil or rock below the