असंगति (विषम विन्यास) (Unconformity) दो अलग आयु की चट्टानी परतों के बीच एक erosional या non-depositional सतह है जो geological time gap को दर्शाती है। मुख्य 4 प्रकार हैं: (1) कोणीय असंगति – tilted पुरानी परतों पर horizontal नई परतें, (2) विच्छेदन असंगति – parallel परतों के बीच erosional break, (3) पैरा असंगति – sedimentary […]
Garnet Group The minerals of the garnet group crystallize in the isometric system and belong to the Neso silicate group of silicates. General Formula X^{+2}_3 Y^{+3}_2 Z^{+4}_3O_{12} Where: X+2 = Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn (occupying dodecahedral sites) Y+3 = Fe, Al, Cr (occupying octahedral sites) Z+4 = Si, Ti (occupying tetrahedral sites) 1) Pyralspite Series
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Olivine Group Introduction General Formula: R2SiO4, where R = Mg, Fe, Mn, & Ca. Structure The structure consists of independent SiO4 tetrahedra linked by divalent (Mg, Fe) atoms in octahedral coordination (each of which has six nearest oxygen neighbors). Octahedra in a structure are represented as (M): M1 < M2 < M3 < M4 Note:
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अंतर्जात और बहिर्जात बल पृथ्वी की आंतरिक और बाहरी शक्तियां हैं जो भूमि की आकृति बनाती हैं। अंतर्जात बल (Endogenetic Forces) पृथ्वी के अंदर से आते हैं और पर्वत, ज्वालामुखी, भूकंप का कारण बनते हैं – इन्हें रचनात्मक बल कहते हैं। बहिर्जात बल (Exogenetic Forces) सतह पर काम करके अपरदन, अनाच्छादन द्वारा स्थलाकृति को समतल बनाते हैं – इन्हें विनाशकारी बल कहते हैं। पटल विरूपण संचलन से वलन-भ्रंश, आकस्मिक संचलन से भूकंप-ज्वालामुखी बनते हैं।
The bulk density and water content of a soil are 1800 kg/m3 and 18%, respectively. The dry density of the soil calculated from the given information is ______________ kg/m3. [round off to 2 decimal places] Given: Objective: Calculate the dry density (ρd) of the soil. Formula for Dry Density: The dry density (ρd) can be
Solution to GATE 2023 Geology GG1 Numerical Problem Read More »
Question: 11 The Earth’s magnetic field originates from convection in which one of the following layers? Detailed Answer: The Earth’s magnetic field is primarily generated by the movement of molten iron and nickel in the outer core, through a process called the geodynamo. Let’s break down the layers and their roles: Question:12 Which one of
Gate Geology and Geophysics 2024 Question paper with solution Read More »
Photogeology is the science and practice of interpreting aerial and space-borne imagery to extract qualitative and quantitative geological information about the Earth’s surface and subsurface structures.
Photogeology in Modern Earth Science: Advantages, Limitations, and GIS Integration Read More »
Scope of Remote Sensing in Natural Resources Survey The wealth of mankind largely depends on the application of science to the production and transformation of natural resources useful to man. In the past, this wealth was heavily dependent on agriculture and agricultural products, and in many parts of the world, it still is. However, in
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Rare Earth Elements (REE) The rare earth elements (REE) are the most useful of all trace elements, with significant applications in igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic petrology. The REE comprise the series of metals with atomic numbers 57 to 71 (La to Lu). Additionally, the element Y, which has an ionic radius similar to that of
How do we know the temperature of an ancient ocean from 100 million years ago, or the heat of a magma chamber long turned to stone? The answer lies in the atomic weight of oxygen. Isotope Thermometry acts as Earth’s “paleo-thermometer,” utilizing the temperature-dependent exchange of Oxygen-16 and Oxygen-18 between minerals. Whether you are studying
Isotope Geothermometry: How Rocks Record Ancient Heat Read More »