Ancient History Mock Test – Part 4

Practice this free StudyHUB Ancient History mock test with 25 MCQs. This test is useful for UPSC, SSC, State PSC, Railway, and Defence Exams and covers ancient history mcq. Check your score after submitting the test and review the explanations to strengthen your preparation.

Test Details

Questions: 25
Time: 15 minutes
Language: Hindi
Difficulty: Moderate
Useful for: UPSC, SSC, State PSC, Railway, and Defence Exams

Instructions

The countdown timer will display the remaining time.
There are 25 multiple-choice questions in this practice test.
Each correct answer carries +1 mark.
Each wrong answer carries -0.33 mark.
The test will auto-submit when the timer reaches zero.
This is StudyHUB’s practice scoring and may differ from the official exam marking scheme.
Review the detailed explanations after submitting the test.

[WpProQuiz_Questions]

var wpProQuizQuestions = [{“question”: “\u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 ‘\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0917\u0940\u0930’ \u092e\u0947\u0902 ‘\u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u0936\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0942\u092a’ (Japanese Peace Pagoda) \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u0935\u093e\u092f\u093e? / Who built the ‘World Peace Stupa’ (Japanese Peace Pagoda) at ‘Rajgir’ in Bihar?”, “options”: [“\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0947 / Indian Government”, “\u091c\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0928 ‘\u0928\u093f\u092a\u094d\u092a\u094b\u0928\u091c\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0939\u094b\u091c\u0940’ \u0928\u0947 / Japanese Buddhist organization ‘Nipponzan Myohoji'”, “\u0924\u093f\u092c\u094d\u092c\u0924\u0940 \u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 / Tibetan Buddhists”, “\u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0947 / Bihar Government”], “answerIdx”: 1, “explanation”: “\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0917\u0940\u0930 (\u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930) \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u0936\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0942\u092a \u091c\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0928 ‘\u0928\u093f\u092a\u094d\u092a\u094b\u0928\u091c\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0939\u094b\u091c\u0940’ \u0928\u0947 1969 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0928\u0935\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0930\u0924\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0917\u093f\u0930\u093f \u092a\u0939\u093e\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u094b\u092a\u0935\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u0936\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091c\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u0936\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0942\u092a \u092c\u0928\u0935\u093e\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0917\u0940\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0942\u092a \u0936\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0924 \u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 / The World Peace Stupa at Rajgir (Bihar) was built in 1969 by the Japanese Buddhist organization ‘Nipponzan Myohoji’. It is located on Ratnagiri hill and can be accessed by ropeway. It is a symbol of world peace. Japan has built such peace stupas in many countries of the world. This stupa at Rajgir is white and has Buddha statues in all four directions.”}, {“question”: “\u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 ‘\u092e\u093f\u0925\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0902\u091a\u0932’ \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u0947 ‘\u092e\u0948\u0925\u093f\u0932\u0940’ \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0939\u0941\u0906\u0964 \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u0915\u0935\u093f \u0915\u094b ‘\u092e\u0948\u0925\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u094b\u0915\u093f\u0932’ \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902? / Which poet is called ‘Maithil Kokil’ in the ancient Mithilanchal region of Bihar?”, “options”: [“\u0915\u092c\u0940\u0930 / Kabir”, “\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0924\u093f / Vidyapati”, “\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0938\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0938 / Tulsidas”, “\u0938\u0942\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0938 / Surdas”], “answerIdx”: 1, “explanation”: “\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0924\u093f (1352-1448 CE) \u0915\u094b ‘\u092e\u0948\u0925\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u094b\u0915\u093f\u0932’ (\u092e\u093f\u0925\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0915\u093f\u0932/\u092c\u0941\u0932\u092c\u0941\u0932) \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0935\u0947 \u092e\u0927\u0941\u092c\u0928\u0940 \u091c\u093f\u0932\u0947 (\u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930) \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092b\u0940 \u0917\u093e\u0901\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0948\u0925\u093f\u0932\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0915\u0940\u0902\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0948\u0925\u093f\u0932\u0940 \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u0930\u093e\u0927\u093e-\u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u092e \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u0906\u091c \u092d\u0940 \u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u093e\u0908 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0901: ‘\u0915\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e’, ‘\u092a\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0937 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e’, ‘\u0932\u093f\u0916\u0928\u093e\u0935\u0932\u0940’\u0964 \u092e\u0948\u0925\u093f\u0932\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094b 2003 \u092e\u0947\u0902 8\u0935\u0940\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 / Vidyapati (1352-1448 CE) is called ‘Maithil Kokil’ (Nightingale of Mithila). He was from Bisfi village in Madhubani district (Bihar). He composed in both Maithili and Sanskrit. His Maithili compositions are mainly based on the love of Radha-Krishna which are still sung in Bihar. Famous works: ‘Kirtilata’, ‘Purusha Pariksha’, ‘Lekhanavali’. Maithili language was included in the 8th Schedule in 2003.”}, {“question”: “\u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 ‘\u0917\u092f\u093e’ \u091c\u093f\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0910\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u093f\u0928-\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0948? / What are the historical and religious reasons for the importance of ‘Gaya’ district in Bihar?”, “options”: [“\u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 / Only due to Buddhism”, “\u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0942 \u092a\u093f\u0924\u0943 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u092a\u0923, \u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932 (\u092c\u094b\u0927\u0917\u092f\u093e), \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932 / Hindu ancestor rites, Buddhist enlightenment site (Bodh Gaya), and Jain sites”, “\u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 / Only due to Jainism”, “\u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0932\u093e\u092e\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 / Only due to Islamic monuments”], “answerIdx”: 1, “explanation”: “\u0917\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093f\u0932\u093e (\u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930) \u0927\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u0948: (1) \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0942 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e – \u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0923\u0941\u092a\u0926 \u092e\u0902\u0926\u093f\u0930, \u092b\u0932\u094d\u0917\u0941 \u0928\u0926\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u093f\u0924\u0943\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092e\u0947\u0932\u093e, \u092a\u093f\u0902\u0921\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e (\u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924), (2) \u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e – \u092c\u094b\u0927\u0917\u092f\u093e (\u0917\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093f\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902) \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0941\u0906, UNESCO \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u0927\u0930\u094b\u0939\u0930, (3) \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e – \u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u092d\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u0939\u093e\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u092e\u0902\u0926\u093f\u0930\u0964 \u092f\u0939\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u0924\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0924\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 / Gaya district (Bihar) is religiously important for three religions: (1) Hinduism – Vishnupad temple, Pitripaksha fair on Falgu river, Pindadaan tradition (mentioned in Puranas), (2) Buddhism – Bodh Gaya (in Gaya district) where Buddha attained enlightenment, UNESCO World Heritage, (3) Jainism – Jain temples on Gurubhakt hill. This diversity makes Gaya one of India’s most important pilgrimage sites.”}, {“question”: “\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 ‘\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0937\u094d\u0920\u093f’ (\u0938\u0947\u0920) \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0925\u0940? / What was the role of ‘Shreshti’ (Seth) in ancient Bihar?”, “options”: [“\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0915 / State administrator”, “\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0921 (\u0928\u093f\u0917\u092e/\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940) \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u091c\u094b \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0915\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e / Head of traders’ guild (Nigama/Shreni) who also did banking”, “\u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e\u092a\u0924\u093f / Military commander”, “\u092a\u0941\u0930\u094b\u0939\u093f\u0924 / Priest”], “answerIdx”: 1, “explanation”: “‘\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0937\u094d\u0920\u093f’ (\u0938\u0947\u0920) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0928 (\u0928\u093f\u0917\u092e/\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940) \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0935\u0947 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930\u0940, \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0915\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u092a\u0924\u093f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u092a\u093e\u091f\u0932\u093f\u092a\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0937\u094d\u0920\u093f \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 ‘\u0905\u0928\u093e\u0925\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0915’ (\u0936\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0947\u0920) \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0916 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091c\u0947\u0924\u0935\u0928 \u0906\u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0964 \u092e\u0917\u0927 \u092e\u0947\u0902 ‘\u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0937\u094d\u0920\u093f’ (\u0928\u0917\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0938\u0947\u0920) \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092a\u0926 \u0925\u093e\u0964 / ‘Shreshti’ (Seth) was the head of the traders’ organization (Nigama/Shreni) in ancient India. They were big traders, bankers and industrialists. In big trading centers like Pataliputra, Shreshtis were very powerful. Buddhist texts mention ‘Anathapindika’ (Seth of Shravasti) who bought Jetavana ashrama for Buddha. ‘Nagarashreshti’ (chief Seth of the city) was an important position in Magadha.”}, {“question”: “\u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 ‘\u0928\u093e\u0932\u0902\u0926\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f’ \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u0940\u0928\u0940 \u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0928\u0938\u093e\u0902\u0917 \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0932\u093f\u0916\u093e? / What did Chinese traveler Hiuen Tsang write about ‘Nalanda University’ in Bihar?”, “options”: [“\u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0920 \u0925\u093e / It was an ordinary monastery”, “\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 10,000 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930, 1,500 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0925\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0925\u0940 / It had 10,000 students, 1,500 teachers and had an entrance exam”, “\u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u091a\u0940\u0928\u0940 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0925\u093e / It was only for Chinese students”, “\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0925\u0940 / Only religious education was given here”], “answerIdx”: 1, “explanation”: “\u0939\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0928\u0938\u093e\u0902\u0917 (Xuanzang, 629-645 CE) \u0928\u093e\u0932\u0902\u0926\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 5 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u093e: \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 10,000 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0914\u0930 1,500 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u0920\u093f\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0925\u0940 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 20-30% \u0906\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u0938\u092b\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e, \u0935\u0947\u0926, \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930, \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0915\u0930\u0923, \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e, \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u092a\u0922\u093c\u093e\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928, \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0935\u093e\u0938 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u091a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0925\u093e\u0964 / Hiuen Tsang (Xuanzang, 629-645 CE) stayed at Nalanda for 5 years and wrote: There were more than 10,000 students and more than 1,500 teachers. There was a difficult entrance examination in which only 20-30% of applicants succeeded. Buddhism, Vedas, logic, grammar, medicine, mathematics were all taught here. Students were given food, clothing and accommodation by the state. It was truly the world’s first international university.”}, {“question”: “\u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 ‘\u0935\u091c\u094d\u091c\u093f \u0938\u0902\u0918’ \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0935\u0948\u0936\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906? / What happened to Vaishali after the fall of the ‘Vajji Confederacy’ in Bihar?”, “options”: [“\u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0930\u0939\u093e / It remained an independent state”, “\u092f\u0939 \u092e\u0917\u0927 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u093e / It merged into Magadha Empire and later remained an important center of Buddhism and Jainism”, “\u092f\u0939 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u0932 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e \u092c\u0928\u093e / It became part of Kosala kingdom”, “\u092f\u0939 \u0935\u0940\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u092f\u093e / It became deserted”], “answerIdx”: 1, “explanation”: “\u0935\u091c\u094d\u091c\u093f \u0938\u0902\u0918 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0935\u0948\u0936\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0917\u0927 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0917\u0908\u0964 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0948\u0936\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0930\u0939\u093e: (1) \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0940\u0924\u093f (383 BCE) \u0939\u0941\u0908, (2) \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0918\u094b\u0937\u0923\u093e \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u0940, (3) \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0935\u0940\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e \u0935\u0948\u0936\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0941\u0906, (4) \u0905\u0936\u094b\u0915 \u0928\u0947 \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0902\u092d \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0948\u0936\u093e\u0932\u0940 (\u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930) \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u091f\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0964 / After the fall of the Vajji Confederacy, Vaishali merged into the Magadha Empire. But religiously, Vaishali’s importance continued: (1) Second Buddhist Council (383 BCE) was held here, (2) Buddha announced his Mahaparinirvana here, (3) Mahavira was born in Kundgrama of Vaishali, (4) Ashoka erected a lion pillar here. Currently Vaishali (Bihar) is an important tourist and pilgrimage site.”}, {“question”: “\u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 ‘\u0917\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f’ \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 ‘\u0905\u091c\u0902\u0924\u093e’ \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0941\u092b\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u092c\u0928\u0940\u0902 – \u092f\u0939 \u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0939\u0948? / The ‘Ajanta’ caves were built during the ‘Gupta Empire’ – how is this connected to Bihar?”, “options”: [“\u0905\u091c\u0902\u0924\u093e \u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948 / Ajanta is in Bihar”, “\u0917\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u091f\u0932\u093f\u092a\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0930 (\u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930) \u0925\u093e \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0928 \u0917\u0941\u092b\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092a\u094b\u0937\u0923 \u0939\u0941\u0906 / Gupta Empire’s center was Pataliputra (Bihar) from where these caves were financed”, “\u0905\u091c\u0902\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0941\u092b\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0917\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092c\u0928\u0940\u0902 / Ajanta caves were not built in Gupta period”, “\u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u091c\u0902\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u091b\u0935\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u092c\u0928\u0935\u093e\u0908\u0902 / Bihar kings had their images made in Ajanta”], “answerIdx”: 1, “explanation”: “\u0905\u091c\u0902\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0941\u092b\u093e\u090f\u0901 (\u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930) \u0917\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093e\u0932 (4th-6th century CE) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u0908\u0902\u0964 \u0917\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u091f\u0932\u093f\u092a\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0930 (\u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930) \u0925\u093e \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0917\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u094b ‘\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092f\u0941\u0917’ \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938 \u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0932\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u091c\u094b \u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0925\u093e\u0964 BPSC \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0917\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 (\u092a\u093e\u091f\u0932\u093f\u092a\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0930) \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0964 / The Ajanta caves (Maharashtra) were built during the Gupta period (4th-6th century CE). The center of the Gupta Empire was Pataliputra (Bihar) from where the entire empire was administered. The Gupta period is called the ‘Golden Age’ and the art of this period developed with the prosperity of the empire which was controlled from Bihar. This question is important in BPSC to understand Bihar’s (Pataliputra’s) central role in the Gupta period.”}, {“question”: “\u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 ‘\u092c\u093f\u092e\u094d\u092c\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0930’ \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094c\u0928 \u0938\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948? / Which information about ‘Bimbisara’ in Bihar is found in both Buddhist and Jain sources?”, “options”: [“\u0935\u0939 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0925\u093e / He was only Buddhist”, “\u0935\u0939 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0925\u093e / He was only Jain”, “\u0909\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0935\u0940\u0930 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0932\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e / He met both Buddha and Mahavira and respected both religions”, “\u0935\u0939 \u0928\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0925\u093e / He was an atheist”], “answerIdx”: 2, “explanation”: “\u092c\u093f\u092e\u094d\u092c\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u090f\u0915\u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0916 \u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930: \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0908 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u092d\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0939\u0941\u0908, \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u094b ‘\u0935\u0947\u0932\u0941\u0935\u0928’ \u092c\u0917\u0940\u091a\u093e \u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930: \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0935\u0940\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u0940 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0939\u0941\u0908\u0964 \u0935\u0947 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0923\u0941\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0923\u0941\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 / Bimbisara is the only ancient king who is mentioned in both Buddhist and Jain texts. According to Buddhist sources: He met Buddha many times, donated the ‘Veluvana’ garden to Buddha. According to Jain sources: He also met Mahavira. He was a symbol of religious tolerance. This reflects the ancient tradition of religious tolerance in Bihar.”}, {“question”: “\u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 ‘\u092e\u094c\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0938\u093e\u092e\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f’ \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0925\u0940? / What was the role of the state in the central economy of the ‘Maurya Empire’ in Bihar?”, “options”: [“\u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e / Completely free market economy”, “\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f, \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917, \u0916\u0928\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e / State played an active role in agriculture, industry, mining and trade”, “\u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e / Only collected taxes”, “\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0925\u0940 / Merchants had complete freedom”], “answerIdx”: 1, “explanation”: “\u092e\u094c\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0938\u093e\u092e\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0925\u0940 – \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 ‘\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e’ (State Controlled Economy) \u0925\u0940: (1) \u0938\u0940\u0924\u093e – \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0916\u0947\u0924\u0940, (2) \u0916\u0928\u093f\u091c \u0916\u0926\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902, (3) \u0936\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0917\u093e\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e, (4) \u0915\u092a\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923, (5) \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0930, (6) \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0922\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0964 \u0915\u094c\u091f\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0928\u0947 \u0907\u0938 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0943\u0924 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 / The state had a leading role in the economy of the Maurya Empire – it was a ‘State Controlled Economy’: (1) Sita – royal farming, (2) Mineral mines under state control, (3) Arsenal by the state, (4) State control in textile industry, (5) Tax on trade routes, (6) Currency minting by the state. Kautilya described this system in detail.”}, {“question”: “\u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 ‘\u092a\u0941\u0923\u094d\u0921\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928’ \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947? / What was the ‘Pundravardhana’ region called in ancient Bihar?”, “options”: [“\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0917 / A part of North Bihar”, “\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0902\u0917\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 (\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u093f\u092f\u093e-\u0915\u093f\u0936\u0928\u0917\u0902\u091c) / Border region of East Bihar and Bengal (present Purnea-Kishanganj)”, “\u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923 \u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0920\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 / Plateau region of South Bihar”, “\u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e \u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 / Plains region of West Bihar”], “answerIdx”: 1, “explanation”: “\u092a\u0941\u0923\u094d\u0921\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 (Pundravardhana) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940 \u092c\u0902\u0917\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947 \u091c\u094b \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u0915\u093f\u0936\u0928\u0917\u0902\u091c (\u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930) \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940 \u092c\u0902\u0917\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0935\u0902\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092f\u0939 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0924\u093f\u092c\u094d\u092c\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923-\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u090f\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0941\u0906\u0964 / Pundravardhana in ancient times referred to the border region of East Bihar and North Bengal, which in present times comprised Purnea, Kishanganj (Bihar) and North Bengal. It was an important administrative region. During the Pala dynasty, it was part of their empire. From this region, Buddhism spread to Tibet and Southeast Asia.”}, {“question”: “\u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 ‘\u0917\u092f\u093e’ \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u093f\u0902\u0921\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948? \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u0948? / What is the basis of Pindadaan for Hindus in ‘Gaya’ in Bihar? How old is this practice?”, “options”: [“\u092f\u0939 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0939\u0941\u0908 / It started in medieval period”, “\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0916 \u0939\u0948 – \u092f\u0939 \u0935\u0948\u0926\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0948 / Mentioned in Vayu Purana and Mahabharata – it is from the Vedic period”, “\u092f\u0939 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0915\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0939\u0941\u0908 / It started in British period”, “\u092f\u0939 \u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0939\u0941\u0908 / It started in Buddhist period”], “answerIdx”: 1, “explanation”: “\u0917\u092f\u093e (\u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093f\u0902\u0921\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0923, \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094d\u092e \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0923\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0925\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 ‘\u0917\u092f\u093e\u0938\u0941\u0930’ \u0928\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u0930\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0927 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0923\u0941 \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0923\u0941\u092a\u0926 \u092e\u0902\u0926\u093f\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0964 \u0930\u093e\u092e, \u0938\u0940\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u0923 \u0928\u0947 \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e \u0926\u0936\u0930\u0925 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u093f\u0902\u0921\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u092b\u0932\u094d\u0917\u0941 \u0928\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u093f\u0924\u0943\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092e\u0947\u0902 15 \u0926\u093f\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0932\u093e \u0932\u0917\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0938\u0926\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 / The tradition of Pindadaan at Gaya (Bihar) is very ancient. Vayu Purana, Brahma Purana and Mahabharata describe the importance of Gaya. According to mythology, Vishnu killed a demon called ‘Gayasura’ and Vishnupad temple was built at that place. Rama, Sita and Lakshmana performed Pindadaan for King Dasharatha here. A 15-day grand fair is held on the banks of Falgu river during Pitripaksha which is centuries old.”}, {“question”: “\u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 ‘\u0905\u0936\u094b\u0915’ \u0915\u0947 13\u0935\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0932\u0947\u0916 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0932\u093f\u0916\u093e \u0939\u0948? / What is written in ‘Ashoka’s 13th rock edict’ in Bihar?”, “options”: [“\u0927\u092e\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e / Rules of Dhamma”, “\u0915\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093e\u0924\u093e\u092a / Description of Kalinga war and remorse”, “\u0928\u093e\u0932\u0902\u0926\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e / Establishment of Nalanda University”, “\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e / Rules of trade”], “answerIdx”: 1, “explanation”: “\u0905\u0936\u094b\u0915 \u0915\u093e 13\u0935\u093e\u0901 \u0936\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0932\u0947\u0916 (Major Rock Edict XIII) \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0936\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0932\u0947\u0916\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902: (1) \u0915\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 (261 BCE) \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 – 1 \u0932\u093e\u0916 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0917\u090f, 1.5 \u0932\u093e\u0916 \u092c\u0902\u0926\u0940 \u092c\u0928\u0947, (2) \u0905\u0936\u094b\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0917\u0939\u0930\u093e \u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093e\u0924\u093e\u092a, (3) \u0927\u092e\u094d\u092e \u0935\u093f\u091c\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a, (4) \u092a\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0938\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092e (\u090f\u0902\u091f\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0915\u0938, \u091f\u0949\u0932\u0947\u092e\u0940 \u0906\u0926\u093f) \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0927\u092e\u094d\u092e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0941\u0906\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0936\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0932\u0947\u0916 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u0940\u0937\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0926\u094d\u092d\u0941\u0924 \u0926\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0947\u091c \u0939\u0948\u0964 / Ashoka’s 13th Rock Edict (Major Rock Edict XIII) is one of the longest and most important inscriptions. It contains: (1) Description of Kalinga War (261 BCE) – 1 lakh killed, 1.5 lakh taken prisoner, (2) Ashoka’s deep remorse, (3) Resolve for Dhamma Vijaya, (4) Names of neighboring kings (Antiochus, Ptolemy etc.) where Dhamma was propagated. This inscription is an amazing document of the horrors of war and a king’s moral transformation.”}, {“question”: “\u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 ‘\u092e\u093f\u0925\u093f\u0932\u093e’ \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 ‘\u091c\u0928\u0915\u092a\u0941\u0930’ \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0939\u0948? / What is the significance of ‘Janakpur’ for the ‘Mithila’ region in Bihar?”, “options”: [“\u092f\u0939 \u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948 / It is in Bihar”, “\u092f\u0939 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u092e\u093f\u0925\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0939\u0948 / It is in present Nepal but is the main center of Mithila culture connected to Bihar”, “\u092f\u0939 \u092a\u093e\u0915\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948 / It is in Pakistan”, “\u092f\u0939 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948 / It is in Uttar Pradesh”], “answerIdx”: 1, “explanation”: “\u091c\u0928\u0915\u092a\u0941\u0930 (Janakpur) \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u092e\u093f\u0925\u093f\u0932\u093e/\u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0939 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0927\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0925\u0940\u0964 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e \u091c\u0928\u0915 (\u0938\u0940\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093f\u0924\u093e) \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0927\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u091c\u0928\u0915\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u0925\u0940\u0964 \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 ‘\u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0902\u0926\u093f\u0930’ \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092e\u093f\u0925\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0930\u092d\u0902\u0917\u093e, \u092e\u0927\u0941\u092c\u0928\u0940, \u0938\u0940\u0924\u093e\u092e\u0922\u093c\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0928\u0915\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 ‘\u0938\u0940\u0924\u093e\u092e\u0922\u093c\u0940’ \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0940\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 (\u0915\u0941\u091b \u092e\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930)\u0964 / Janakpur is currently in Nepal but it was the capital of the ancient Mithila/Videha kingdom. Janakpur was the capital of King Janaka (Sita’s father). ‘Janaki Temple’ here is world-famous. Mithila culture is similar in Bihar’s Darbhanga, Madhubani, Sitamarhi and Nepal’s Janakpur. In Bihar, ‘Sitamarhi’ is believed to be Sita’s birthplace (according to some beliefs).”}, {“question”: “\u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 ‘\u092e\u0916\u0926\u0941\u092e\u092a\u0941\u0930’ (\u0917\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093f\u0932\u093e) \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0910\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0939\u0948? / What is the historical significance of ancient ‘Makhdumpur’ (Gaya district) in Bihar?”, “options”: [“\u092f\u0939 \u092e\u094c\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932 \u0939\u0948 / It is a Mauryan site”, “\u092f\u0939 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u0938\u0942\u092b\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0916\u0926\u0942\u092e \u0936\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u093e \u0926\u0930\u0917\u093e\u0939 \u0939\u0948 / It is the shrine of medieval Sufi saint Makhdum Shah”, “\u092f\u0939 \u0917\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0924\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u092e\u0902\u0926\u093f\u0930 \u0939\u0948 / It is a Gupta period temple”, “\u092f\u0939 \u0905\u0936\u094b\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932 \u0939\u0948 / It is Ashoka’s site”], “answerIdx”: 1, “explanation”: “\u092e\u0916\u0926\u0941\u092e\u092a\u0941\u0930 (\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0928\u093e\u092c\u093e\u0926 \u091c\u093f\u0932\u093e, \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e, \u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930) \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0938\u0942\u092b\u0940 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0938\u0942\u092b\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0916\u0926\u0942\u092e \u0936\u093e\u0939 \u0926\u094c\u0932\u0924 (\u0936\u0947\u0916 \u0926\u094c\u0932\u0924) \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0930\u0917\u093e\u0939 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b 16\u0935\u0940\u0902-17\u0935\u0940\u0902 \u0936\u0924\u093e\u092c\u094d\u0926\u0940 CE \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0942-\u092e\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0932\u093f\u092e \u090f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0917 \u0906\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0942\u092b\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 / Makhdumpur (Jehanabad district, formerly part of Gaya, Bihar) was an important Sufi center in the medieval period. It has the shrine of Sufi saint Makhdum Shah Daulat (Sheikh Daulat) who lived in the 16th-17th century CE. It is a symbol of Hindu-Muslim unity where people of both religions come. This has been an important center of Sufi tradition in Bihar.”}, {“question”: “\u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 ‘\u0928\u093e\u0932\u0902\u0926\u093e’ \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093e\u0932\u0902\u0926\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u0932 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940? / Who initiated the reconstruction of the modern Nalanda University in Bihar’s ‘Nalanda’?”, “options”: [“\u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u0915\u0947\u0932\u0947 / Bihar government alone”, “\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u090f\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0908 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u0947, 2010 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0938\u0926\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e / Indian government with cooperation of East Asian countries, 2010 Parliamentary Act”, “\u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930 (UN) \u0928\u0947 / United Nations”, “\u091c\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u0915\u0947\u0932\u0947 / Japan government alone”], “answerIdx”: 1, “explanation”: “\u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093e\u0932\u0902\u0926\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u0932 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 2010 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u0926 \u0928\u0947 ‘Nalanda University Act, 2010’ \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u090f\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0908 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 (\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917\u093e\u092a\u0941\u0930, \u091a\u0940\u0928, \u091c\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0928, \u0925\u093e\u0908\u0932\u0948\u0902\u0921, \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0932\u0902\u0915\u093e, \u092c\u093e\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0906\u0926\u093f) \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0917\u0940\u0930 (\u0928\u093e\u0932\u0902\u0926\u093e \u091c\u093f\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u091f) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 2014 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0930\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u092a\u0924\u093f \u0905\u092c\u094d\u0926\u0941\u0932 \u0915\u0932\u093e\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0924\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947\u0928 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0925\u0947\u0964 / The initiative for modern Nalanda University was taken by the Indian government and Parliament passed the ‘Nalanda University Act, 2010’. It has cooperation from East Asian countries (Singapore, China, Japan, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh etc.). The university is in Rajgir (near Nalanda district) and has been operational since 2014. Former President Abdul Kalam and Amartya Sen were associated with this project.”}, {“question”: “\u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 ‘\u0938\u093e\u0938\u093e\u0930\u093e\u092e’ (\u0930\u094b\u0939\u0924\u093e\u0938) \u0915\u093e \u0910\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948? / What is the historical significance of ‘Sasaram’ (Rohtas) in Bihar?”, “options”: [“\u092f\u0939 \u0905\u0936\u094b\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u0948 / It is Ashoka’s birthplace”, “\u092f\u0939 \u0936\u0947\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0939 \u0938\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0915\u092c\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0948 / It is the birthplace of Sher Shah Suri and location of his tomb”, “\u092f\u0939 \u0917\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0927\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0925\u0940 / It was the capital of Gupta Empire”, “\u092f\u0939 \u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u0948 / It is a major center of Buddhism”], “answerIdx”: 1, “explanation”: “\u0938\u093e\u0938\u093e\u0930\u093e\u092e (\u0930\u094b\u0939\u0924\u093e\u0938 \u091c\u093f\u0932\u093e, \u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930) \u0915\u093e \u0910\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u0936\u0947\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0939 \u0938\u0942\u0930\u0940 (1540-1545 CE) \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0936\u0947\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u093e \u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e \u092f\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0925\u093e (\u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0901\u0915\u093f \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0907\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u091c\u0935\u093e\u0921\u093c\u093e, \u0928\u093e\u0930\u0928\u094c\u0932 \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902)\u0964 \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0936\u0947\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u093e \u092d\u0935\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0915\u092c\u0930\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u091d\u0940\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092e \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0924\u094d\u092f \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0936\u0947\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0939 \u0928\u0947 ‘\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0902\u0921 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0915 \u0930\u094b\u0921’, \u0921\u093e\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u090f\u0964 / Sasaram (Rohtas district, Bihar) is historically significant mainly because of Sher Shah Suri (1540-1545 CE). Sher Shah was born here (though some historians also mention Bawda, Narnaul). Here Sher Shah’s magnificent tomb is in the middle of a lake which is one of the best examples of medieval Indian architecture. Sher Shah built the Grand Trunk Road, postal system and land reforms.”}, {“question”: “\u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 ‘\u0930\u094b\u0939\u0924\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093f\u0932\u093e’ \u0915\u093e \u0910\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948? / What is the historical significance of ‘Rohtas Fort’ in Bihar?”, “options”: [“\u092f\u0939 \u092e\u094c\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0939\u0948 / It is a Mauryan fort”, “\u092f\u0939 \u0936\u0947\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0939 \u0938\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u092d\u0947\u0926\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0938\u094b\u0928 \u0928\u0926\u0940 \u0918\u093e\u091f\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948 / It is an impregnable fort built by Sher Shah Suri in Son river valley”, “\u092f\u0939 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0939\u0948 / It is a British era fort”, “\u092f\u0939 \u0917\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0924\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0939\u0948 / It is a Gupta period fort”], “answerIdx”: 1, “explanation”: “\u0930\u094b\u0939\u0924\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093f\u0932\u093e (\u0930\u094b\u0939\u0924\u093e\u0938 \u091c\u093f\u0932\u093e, \u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930) \u0938\u094b\u0928 \u0928\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0918\u093e\u091f\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u090a\u0901\u091a\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u093e\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u092d\u0947\u0926\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0936\u0947\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0939 \u0938\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u0947 16\u0935\u0940\u0902 \u0936\u0924\u093e\u092c\u094d\u0926\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u0935\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u092f\u0939 28 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092e\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092b\u0948\u0932\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0940\u0935\u093e\u0930\u0947\u0902 40 \u0915\u093f\u092e\u0940 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0947 ‘\u0930\u094b\u0939\u0924\u093e\u0938\u0917\u0922\u093c’ \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092e\u0941\u0917\u0932 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091f \u0905\u0915\u092c\u0930 \u0928\u0947 \u092d\u0940 \u0907\u0938 \u0915\u093f\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 ASI \u0928\u0947 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0939 UNESCO \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u0927\u0930\u094b\u0939\u0930 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964 / Rohtas Fort (Rohtas district, Bihar) is an impregnable fort situated on a high hill in the Son river valley. It was built by Sher Shah Suri in the 16th century. It spreads over 28 sq km and its walls are 40 km long. It is also called ‘Rohtasgarh’. Mughal Emperor Akbar also used this fort. ASI has protected it and it is on UNESCO’s tentative World Heritage list.”}, {“question”: “\u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u092e\u0947\u0902 ‘\u092c\u0916\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u091c\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928’ (1193 CE) \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0926\u0941\u0937\u094d\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e? / What was the most important adverse consequence of ‘Bakhtiyar Khilji’s Bihar campaign’ (1193 CE) in Bihar’s context?”, “options”: [“\u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0932\u093f\u092e \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e / Establishment of Muslim rule in Bihar”, “\u0928\u093e\u0932\u0902\u0926\u093e, \u0935\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0936\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0913\u0926\u0902\u0924\u092a\u0941\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0936 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u0906 / Destruction of Nalanda, Vikramshila and Odantapuri universities causing end of Buddhism in India”, “\u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0928\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0936 / Destruction of Bihar’s population”, “\u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0936 / Destruction of Bihar’s agriculture”], “answerIdx”: 1, “explanation”: “\u092c\u0916\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u091c\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928 (1193 CE) \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0937\u0923 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e \u0925\u093e: \u0928\u093e\u0932\u0902\u0926\u093e, \u0935\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0936\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0913\u0926\u0902\u0924\u092a\u0941\u0930\u0940 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0928 \u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0936\u0964 \u0939\u091c\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0939\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u0932\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0936\u0947\u0937 \u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0928 \u0924\u093f\u092c\u094d\u092c\u0924, \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923-\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u090f\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0917\u090f\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0907\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0926\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964 / The most terrible consequence of Bakhtiyar Khilji’s Bihar campaign (1193 CE) was: Destruction of great Buddhist universities like Nalanda, Vikramshila and Odantapuri. Thousands of Buddhist monks were killed and libraries were burned. This practically ended Buddhism in India. Remaining Buddhist scholars fled to Tibet, Nepal and Southeast Asia. This is one of the greatest intellectual tragedies in Indian history.”}, {“question”: “\u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 ‘\u0917\u0902\u0921\u0915 \u0928\u0926\u0940’ \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e? / What was the ancient name of the ‘Gandak river’ in Bihar?”, “options”: [“\u0939\u093f\u0930\u0923\u094d\u092f\u0935\u093e\u0939 / Hiranyavaha”, “\u0938\u0926\u093e\u0928\u0940\u0930\u093e / Sadanira”, “\u0938\u0930\u092f\u0942 / Saryu”, “\u0915\u094c\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940 / Kaushiki”], “answerIdx”: 1, “explanation”: “\u0917\u0902\u0921\u0915 \u0928\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u0928\u093e\u092e ‘\u0938\u0926\u093e\u0928\u0940\u0930\u093e’ \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0910\u0924\u0930\u0947\u092f \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092e\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0916 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938\u0947 ‘\u0928\u093e\u0930\u093e\u092f\u0923\u0940’ \u092f\u093e ‘\u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0923\u0917\u0902\u0921\u0915\u0940’ \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0917\u0902\u0921\u0915 \u0928\u0926\u0940 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u091f\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u091f \u0917\u0902\u0917\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u092e\u0940\u0915\u093f \u0928\u0917\u0930 (\u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e \u091a\u0902\u092a\u093e\u0930\u0923) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0902\u0921\u0915 \u092c\u0948\u0930\u093e\u091c \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u093f\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0908 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u094b\u0938\u0940 \u0928\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u0928\u093e\u092e ‘\u0915\u094c\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940’ \u0925\u093e\u0964 / The ancient name of the Gandak river was ‘Sadanira’. It is mentioned in the Aitareya Brahmana. In Nepal, it is called ‘Narayani’ or ‘Krishnagandaki’. The Gandak river originates from the Himalayas of Nepal and joins the Ganga near Patna. Gandak Barrage is at Valmiki Nagar (West Champaran) which provides irrigation to both Bihar and Uttar Pradesh. The ancient name of the Kosi river was ‘Kaushiki’.”}, {“question”: “\u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 ‘\u092e\u0941\u091c\u092b\u094d\u092b\u0930\u092a\u0941\u0930’ \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 ‘\u0935\u0948\u0936\u093e\u0932\u0940’ \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u0941\u0926\u093e\u0908 \u0939\u0941\u0908? / What important archaeological site was excavated in ‘Vaishali’ near ‘Muzaffarpur’ in Bihar?”, “options”: [“\u0905\u0936\u094b\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0939\u0932 / Ashoka’s palace”, “\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0917\u0922\u093c (\u0938\u0902\u0938\u0926 \u092d\u0935\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0935\u0936\u0947\u0937) / Raja Vishal’s Garh (remains of parliament building)”, “\u0928\u093e\u0932\u0902\u0926\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f / Nalanda University”, “\u092c\u093f\u092e\u094d\u092c\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0917\u093e\u0930 / Bimbisara’s prison”], “answerIdx”: 1, “explanation”: “\u0935\u0948\u0936\u093e\u0932\u0940 (\u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930) \u092e\u0947\u0902 ‘\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0917\u0922\u093c’ (Raja Vishal ka Garh) \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0935\u093f \u0917\u0923\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u0926 (Assembly Hall) \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0935\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932 \u0906\u092f\u0924\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u091f\u0940\u0932\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0916\u0941\u0926\u093e\u0908 ASI \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0935\u0948\u0936\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902: (1) \u0905\u0936\u094b\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0902\u092d, (2) \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0937\u0947\u0915 \u092a\u0941\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u093f\u0923\u0940 (\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0937\u0947\u0915 \u0924\u093e\u0932\u093e\u092c), (3) \u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0942\u092a, (4) \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u0936\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0942\u092a\u0964 \u0935\u0948\u0936\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u0917\u0923\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0964 / ‘Raja Vishal ka Garh’ at Vaishali (Bihar) is an important archaeological site considered the remains of the Parliament (Assembly Hall) of the Lichchhavi Republic. It is a large rectangular earthen mound excavated by ASI. Besides this at Vaishali: (1) Ashoka’s lion pillar, (2) Abhishek Pushkarini (coronation pond), (3) Buddhist stupa, (4) World Peace Stupa. Vaishali is important as a symbol of the world’s first republic.”}, {“question”: “\u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 ‘\u092d\u093e\u0917\u0932\u092a\u0941\u0930’ \u091c\u093f\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 ‘\u0935\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0936\u093f\u0932\u093e’ \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u094c\u0928 \u0938\u093e \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0939\u0948? / Which important archaeological museum is near ‘Vikramshila’ in Bihar’s ‘Bhagalpur’ district?”, “options”: [“\u092a\u091f\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u093e\u0932\u092f / Patna Museum”, “\u0935\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0936\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u093e\u0932\u092f (\u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u091a\u0915) / Vikramshila University Archaeological Museum (Antichak)”, “\u0928\u093e\u0932\u0902\u0926\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u093e\u0932\u092f / Nalanda Museum”, “\u0917\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u093e\u0932\u092f / Gaya Museum”], “answerIdx”: 1, “explanation”: “\u0935\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0936\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u0902\u0921\u0939\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u0932\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u091c\u093f\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u091a\u0915 \u0917\u093e\u0901\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u093e\u0932\u092f \u092d\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0916\u0941\u0926\u093e\u0908 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0940 \u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901, \u0924\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0947\u0935\u0940-\u0926\u0947\u0935\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901, \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0936\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0902\u0926\u093f\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 (\u092e\u0939\u093e\u091a\u0948\u0924\u094d\u092f) \u0916\u0941\u0926\u093e\u0908 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u093e\u0932\u092f: \u092a\u091f\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u093e\u0932\u092f (\u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e), \u0928\u093e\u0932\u0902\u0926\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u093e\u0932\u092f, \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0917\u0940\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0964 / Ruins of Vikramshila University are in Antichak village, Bhagalpur district, where there is also an archaeological museum. Buddhist statues, Tantric deity statues, coins and other antiquities found during excavations are here. Vikramshila’s main temple area (Mahachaity) has been found in excavations. Other important archaeological museums in Bihar: Patna Museum (largest), Nalanda Museum, Rajgir Museum.”}, {“question”: “\u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 ‘\u092e\u094c\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928’ \u0915\u0932\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0925\u0940 \u091c\u094b \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948? / What was the most prominent feature of ‘Mauryan period’ art in Bihar that distinguishes it from later periods?”, “options”: [“\u0930\u0902\u0917\u0940\u0928 \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 / Colorful paintings”, “\u092e\u094c\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u091a\u092e\u0915 (Mauryan Polish) \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0915\u093e\u0936\u094d\u092e \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0925\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0915\u0932\u093e / Mauryan Polish and monolithic stone craftsmanship”, “\u0932\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 / Wooden sculptures”, “\u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 / Clay sculptures”], “answerIdx”: 1, “explanation”: “\u092e\u094c\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u0932\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e \u0925\u0940 ‘\u092e\u094c\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u091a\u092e\u0915’ (Mauryan Polish) – \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0925\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0907\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u091a\u092e\u0915\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0949\u0932\u093f\u0936 \u091c\u094b \u0906\u091c 2300 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092d\u0940 \u092c\u0930\u0915\u0930\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u0925\u0940 \u092f\u0939 \u0906\u091c \u092d\u0940 \u0930\u0939\u0938\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923: \u0926\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0917\u0902\u091c \u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0940 (\u092a\u091f\u0928\u093e), \u0905\u0936\u094b\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0902\u092d, \u0915\u0941\u092e\u094d\u0939\u0930\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u0902\u092d\u0947\u0964 \u092e\u094c\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0936\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u093e\u0930 (\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0947\u0936) \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u090f \u0917\u090f \u092c\u0932\u0941\u0906 \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0925\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0932 (\u0917\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0924, \u092a\u093e\u0932) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u0939 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u091a\u092e\u0915 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0930\u0939\u0940\u0964 / The most prominent feature of Mauryan art was ‘Mauryan Polish’ – such lustrous polish on stone that is still intact 2300 years later today. How this technique was possible is still a mystery. Examples: Didarganj Yakshi (Patna), Ashoka’s pillars, Kumhrar’s pillars. Mauryan craftsmen worked on sandstone brought from Chunar (Uttar Pradesh). In later periods (Gupta, Pala), this special polish was not maintained.”}, {“question”: “\u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 ‘\u0939\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928’ (606-647 CE) \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u0940\u0928\u0940 \u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0928\u0938\u093e\u0902\u0917 \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e? / What did Chinese traveler Hiuen Tsang see during ‘Harshavardhana’s’ (606-647 CE) period in Bihar?”, “options”: [“\u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0925\u093e / Bihar was a prosperous state”, “\u0928\u093e\u0932\u0902\u0926\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925-\u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0925\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0942 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0936\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0925\u093e / Along with Nalanda University, there were many Buddhist centers in Bihar but Hinduism was also influential”, “\u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0925\u093e / Only Jainism was in Bihar”, “\u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0909\u091c\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0925\u093e / Bihar was completely desolate”], “answerIdx”: 1, “explanation”: “\u0939\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0928\u0938\u093e\u0902\u0917 (Hiuen Tsang, 629-645 CE) \u0915\u0940 ‘\u0938\u093f-\u092f\u0942-\u0915\u0940’ (Si-Yu-Ki) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0943\u0924 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0939\u0948: (1) \u0928\u093e\u0932\u0902\u0926\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 10,000 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930, (2) \u092a\u093e\u091f\u0932\u093f\u092a\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915 \u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0935\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u091c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0942, (3) \u092c\u094b\u0927\u0917\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923, (4) \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0917\u0943\u0939 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0948\u0936\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928, (5) \u0939\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u0902\u0938\u093e \u091c\u094b \u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0928\u094b\u091f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0917\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0917\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0935\u091f \u0906\u0908 \u0925\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0928\u093e\u0932\u0902\u0926\u093e \u0905\u092d\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u0930 \u0925\u093e\u0964 / Hiuen Tsang’s (629-645 CE) ‘Si-Yu-Ki’ contains a detailed description of Bihar: (1) 10,000 students at Nalanda, (2) Many Buddhist monasteries in Pataliputra but population mainly Hindu, (3) Description of Bodh Gaya, (4) Description of Rajgriha and Vaishali, (5) Praise of Harshavardhana who was a patron of Buddhism. He noted that compared to the Gupta period, there was some decline in Bihar but Nalanda was still at its peak.”}, {“question”: “\u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 ‘\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924’ \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0925\u093e? / What was the significance of ‘Prakrit’ language in Bihar?”, “options”: [“\u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0925\u0940 / It was only a literary language”, “\u092f\u0939 \u091c\u0928 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0925\u0940 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0935\u0940\u0930 \u0928\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0926\u093f\u090f \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u094b \u0906\u092e \u091c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0925\u0940 / It was the people’s language in which Buddha and Mahavira preached and it was the common people’s language”, “\u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0925\u0940 / It was only the official language”, “\u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0925\u0940 / It was only the language of trade”], “answerIdx”: 1, “explanation”: “\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0928\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0925\u0940\u0902\u0964 \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0928\u0947 ‘\u092a\u093e\u0932\u0940’ (\u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0926\u093f\u090f \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0906\u092e \u091c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0938\u092e\u091d \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0964 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0935\u0940\u0930 \u0928\u0947 ‘\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0927\u092e\u093e\u0917\u0927\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924’ \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0926\u093f\u090f\u0964 \u0905\u0936\u094b\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0932\u0947\u0916 \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092e\u0917\u0927 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924 ‘\u092e\u093e\u0917\u0927\u0940’ \u0925\u0940 \u091c\u094b \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0928\u0928\u0940 \u092c\u0928\u0940\u0964 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0925\u0940 \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0906\u092e \u091c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940\u0964 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0905\u092a\u092d\u094d\u0930\u0902\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u0908\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u092e\u0948\u0925\u093f\u0932\u0940, \u092d\u094b\u091c\u092a\u0941\u0930\u0940 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902\u0964 / Prakrit languages were the people’s languages in ancient Bihar. Buddha preached in ‘Pali’ (a Prakrit) so that common people could understand. Mahavira preached in ‘Ardhamagadhi Prakrit’. Ashoka’s inscriptions are also in Prakrit. The Prakrit of Magadha was ‘Magadhi’ which later became the mother of Pali and other languages. Sanskrit was the language of scholars and upper class while Prakrit was of common people. Later these languages developed as Apabhramsha and then into languages like Maithili, Bhojpuri.”}, {“question”: “\u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 ‘\u0938\u094b\u0928\u092a\u0941\u0930’ (\u0939\u0930\u093f\u0939\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930) \u0915\u093e \u0910\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948? / What is the historical significance of ‘Sonepur’ (Harihar Kshetra) in Bihar?”, “options”: [“\u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u090f\u0915 \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0948 / It is only a modern fair venue”, “\u092f\u0939 \u092e\u094c\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u091a\u0932\u093e \u0906 \u0930\u0939\u093e \u090f\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e \u092a\u0936\u0941 \u092e\u0947\u0932\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0902\u0917\u093e-\u0917\u0902\u0921\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u092e \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u0948 / It is Asia’s largest cattle fair dating from Mauryan period at Ganga-Gandak confluence”, “\u092f\u0939 \u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u093e \u0924\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0939\u0948 / It is a Buddhist pilgrimage”, “\u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0932\u093e \u0939\u0948 / It is only an agricultural fair”], “answerIdx”: 1, “explanation”: “\u0938\u094b\u0928\u092a\u0941\u0930 (\u0938\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u091c\u093f\u0932\u093e, \u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930) \u092e\u0947\u0902 ‘\u0939\u0930\u093f\u0939\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0932\u093e’ (\u0938\u094b\u0928\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0932\u093e) \u0917\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0902\u0921\u0915 \u0928\u0926\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u092e \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u0917\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u093f\u092e\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u092f\u0939 \u092e\u0947\u0932\u093e \u092e\u094c\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u091a\u0932\u093e \u0906 \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e \u092a\u0936\u0941 \u092e\u0947\u0932\u093e \u0925\u093e \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0939\u093e\u0925\u0940, \u0918\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0947, \u090a\u0902\u091f \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092a\u0936\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0905\u092c \u092a\u0936\u0941 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0939\u0948 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e, \u0928\u093e\u0935 \u0926\u094c\u0921\u093c, \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0906\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 / Sonepur (Saran district, Bihar) hosts the ‘Harihar Kshetra Mela’ (Sonepur Fair) at the confluence of Ganga and Gandak rivers. It starts from Kartik Purnima. Tradition says this fair has been going on since the Mauryan period. It was Asia’s largest cattle fair where all animals including elephants, horses and camels were traded. Animal trade has now reduced but the fair has cultural programs, boat races and other events.”}];

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