What is Article 133 of Indian Constitution – Defination & Meaning
Article 133: Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts in regard to civil matters (1) An appeal shall lie to the Supreme Court from
📚 UPSC Relevant
Article 351 of the Indian Constitution focuses on the promotion and development of the Hindi language. It assigns the responsibility to the Union government to enhance Hindi so that it can represent various aspects of India’s diverse culture. The article emphasizes that Hindi should grow by incorporating styles and expressions from Hindustani and other languages mentioned in the Eighth Schedule. This helps maintain the essence of Hindi while enriching it with elements from other languages, primarily Sanskrit and secondarily other Indian languages.
This article affects various stakeholders, including educational institutions, language experts, and government agencies. It encourages the use of Hindi in administration, education, and media, making it accessible to more people. The Union is tasked with spreading Hindi across the country, which aims to bridge communication gaps among different linguistic communities. In real-world terms, this promotes national integration and cultural unity, allowing people from various backgrounds to communicate effectively.
The development of Hindi, as per Article 351, also means adapting the language to modern contexts. This includes the creation of new vocabulary and idioms that reflect contemporary life and technology. By doing so, it ensures that Hindi remains relevant in today’s fast-paced world. The article not only aims to promote Hindi but also respects the linguistic diversity of India, thus fostering an environment where multiple languages can coexist and thrive together.
Article 351 was included in the Constitution on November 26, 1949, during the drafting phase of the Constitution. The Constituent Assembly debated the importance of a national language, recognizing Hindi’s potential to unify diverse linguistic groups. It has not undergone any amendments since its inception, reflecting its foundational role in promoting Hindi. The intention behind this article was to unify a linguistically diverse nation while promoting Hindi as a national language. The Supreme Court has underscored this article in various rulings concerning language rights and education, reinforcing its significance in Indian society. This historical evolution demonstrates the responsive nature of the constitutional framework in addressing the nation’s changing needs over time.
Which of the following statements about Article 351 of the Indian Constitution is correct?
A) It mandates the promotion of only English language.
B) It assigns the Union the duty to develop the Hindi language.
C) It restricts the use of other regional languages in India.
D) It has been frequently amended since its adoption.
Select the correct option and provide a brief explanation of your choice.? Which of the statements given above are correct in the context of the federal structure of India?
The correct answer is B. Article 351 specifically assigns the Union government the responsibility to promote and develop the Hindi language. This is critical for ensuring effective communication and cultural expression. Other options either misstate the article’s purpose or incorrectly suggest that it has been amended frequently or restricts regional languages.
The primary purpose of Article 351 is to promote and develop the Hindi language in India. It aims to make Hindi a medium for expressing India’s diverse culture and assists in unifying the country. This includes encouraging the use of Hindi in education, administration, and media, making it accessible to all citizens.
Article 351 impacts the education system by promoting Hindi as a medium of instruction in schools. This helps students learn in a language that connects them to their culture and heritage. The article encourages the development of educational materials in Hindi, ensuring that students understand their lessons better. These rules help maintain a consistent and fair approach to public administration and governance across the country.
Article 351 recognizes the linguistic diversity of India and encourages Hindi to assimilate styles from other languages. This promotes linguistic harmony and respects India’s diverse linguistic landscape. The article aims to enrich Hindi while ensuring that other languages remain valued and respected. These rules help maintain a consistent and fair approach to public administration and governance across the country.
Article 133: Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts in regard to civil matters (1) An appeal shall lie to the Supreme Court from
Article 131: Original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the Supreme Court shall, to the exclusion of any other
Explanation.—For the purposes of this article, the expression “final order” includes an order deciding an issue which, if decided in favour of the appellant,
Article 129: Supreme Court to be a court of record The Supreme Court shall be a court of record and shall have all the powers of such a court including the
Article 130: Seat of Supreme Court The Supreme Court shall sit in Delhi or in such other place or places, as the Chief Justice of India may, with the approval
Article 127: Appointment of ad hoc Judges (1) If at any time there should not be a quorum of the Judges of the Supreme Court available to hold or continue any
Article 128: Attendance of retired Judges at sittings of the Supreme Court Notwithstanding anything in this Chapter, the Chief Justice of India may at any
Article 125: Salaries, etc., of Judges (1) There shall be paid to the Judges of the Supreme Court such salaries as may be determined by Parliament by law and,
Article 126: Appointment of acting Chief Justice When the office of Chief Justice of India is vacant or when the Chief Justice is, by reason of absence or
Explanation.—Where the Houses of Parliament are summoned to reassemble on different dates, the period of six weeks shall be reckoned from the later of those
Article 124: Establishment and constitution of Supreme Court (1) There shall be a Supreme Court of India consisting of a Chief Justice of India and, until
Article 121: Restriction on discussion in Parliament No discussion shall take place in Parliament with respect to the conduct of any Judge of the Supreme
Article 122: Courts not to inquire into proceedings of Parliament (1) The validity of any proceedings in Parliament shall not be called in question on the
Article 119: Regulation by law of procedure in Parliament in relation to financial business Parliament may, for the purpose of the timely completion of
Article 120: Language to be used in Parliament (1) Notwithstanding anything in Part XVII, but subject to the provisions of article 348, business in Parliament
Article 118: Rules of procedure (1) Each House of Parliament may make rules for regulating, subject to the provisions of this Constitution, its procedure and
Article 117: Special provisions as to financial Bills (1) A Bill or amendment making provision for any of the matters specified in sub-clauses (a) to (f) of
Article 115: Supplementary, additional or excess grants (1) The President shall— (a) if the amount authorised by any law made in accordance with the
Article 116: Votes on account, votes of credit and exceptional grants (1) Notwithstanding anything in the foregoing provisions of this Chapter, the House of
Article 113: Procedure in Parliament with respect to estimates (1) So much of the estimates as relates to expenditure charged upon the Consolidated Fund of
Article 114: Appropriation Bills (1) As soon as may be after the grants under article 113 have been made by the House of the People, there shall be introduced
Article 111: Assent to Bills When a Bill has been passed by the Houses of Parliament, it shall be presented to the President, and the President shall declare
Article 112: Annual financial statement (1) The President shall in respect of every financial year cause to be laid before both the Houses of Parliament a
Article 109:Special procedure in respect of Money Bills (1) A Money Bill shall not be introduced in the Council of States. (2) After a Money Bill has been
Article 110: Definition of “Money Bills” (1) For the purposes of this Chapter, a Bill shall be deemed to be a Money Bill if it contains only provisions
Article 107: Provisions as to introduction and passing of Bills (1) Subject to the provisions of articles 109 and 117 with respect to Money Bills and other
Article 108: Joint sitting of both Houses in certain cases (1) If after a Bill has been passed by one House and transmitted to the other House— (a) the Bill
Article 105: Powers, privileges, etc., of the Houses of Parliament and of the members and committees thereof (1) Subject to the provisions of this
Article 106: Salaries and allowances of members Members of either House of Parliament shall be entitled to receive such salaries and allowances as may from
Article 103: Decision on questions as to disqualifications of members (1) If any question arises as to whether a member of either House of Parliament has
Article 104: Penalty for sitting and voting before making oath or affirmation under article 99 or when not qualified or when disqualified If a person sits or
Explanation.—For the purposes of this clause a person shall not be deemed to hold an office of profit under the Government of India or the Government of any
Article 101: Vacation of seats (1) No person shall be a member of both Houses of Parliament and provision shall be made by Parliament by law for the vacation
Article 99: Oath or affirmation by members Every member of either House of Parliament shall, before taking his seat, make and subscribe before the President,
Article 100: Voting in Houses, power of Houses to act notwithstanding vacancies and quorum (1) Save as otherwise provided in this Constitution, all questions
Article 97: Salaries and allowances of the Chairman and Deputy Chairman and the Speaker and Deputy Speaker There shall be paid to the Chairman and the Deputy
Article 98: Secretariat of Parliament (1) Each House of Parliament shall have a separate secretarial staff: Provided that nothing in this clause shall be
Article 95: Power of the Deputy Speaker or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Speaker (1) While the office of Speaker is
Article 96: The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration (1) At any sitting of the
Article 93: The Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the House of the People The House of the People shall, as soon as may be, choose two members of the House to be
Article 94: Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Speaker and Deputy Speaker A member holding office as Speaker or Deputy Speaker of
Article 91: Power of the Deputy Chairman or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Chairman (1) While the office of Chairman is
Article 92: The Chairman or the Deputy Chairman not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration (1) At any sitting of the
Article 89: The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Council of States (1) The Vice- President of India shall be ex officio Chairman of the Council
Article 90: Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the office of Deputy Chairman A member holding office as Deputy Chairman of the Council of States—
Article 87: Special address by the President (1) At the commencement of the first session after each general election to the House of the People and at the
Article 88: Rights of Ministers and Attorney-General as respects Houses Every Minister and the Attorney-General of India shall have the right to speak in, and
Article 86: Right of President to address and send messages to Houses (1) The President may address either House of Parliament or both Houses assembled
Article 85: Sessions of Parliament, prorogation and dissolution (1) The President shall from time to time summon each House of Parliament to meet at such time
Article 83: Duration of Houses of Parliament (1) The Council of States shall not be subject to dissolution, but as nearly as possible one-third of the members