What is Article 178 of Indian Constitution – Defination & Meaning
Article 178: The Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the Legislative Assembly Every Legislative Assembly of a State shall, as soon as may be, choose two members of
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Article 42 of the Indian Constitution focuses on ensuring just and humane working conditions and providing maternity relief for workers. This article specifically affects workers in various sectors, including both public and private enterprises. It aims to protect the rights of employees, particularly women, by mandating the state to create legislation that guarantees safe and healthy work environments. For instance, it may lead to laws regulating working hours, safety measures, and health benefits, making workplaces more accommodating and supportive. The article also emphasizes maternity relief, which is key for working mothers. It encourages the state to ensure that pregnant women receive necessary support and care during their maternity period. This includes provisions like maternity leave, job security during and after pregnancy, and access to healthcare services. Such measures help alleviate the challenges faced by working women, ensuring they do not have to choose between their careers and family responsibilities. Though Article 42 sets a framework for humane working conditions, there can be exceptions based on industry needs or economic considerations. The practical impact of this article can be seen in various labor laws and policies that have emerged since the Constitution’s adoption. Governments at both central and state levels have developed regulations that align with this article, aiming to uplift the standards of labor and improve the quality of life for workers across the nation. These provisions not only promote fairness in the workplace but also contribute to a healthier workforce, ultimately benefiting society as a whole.
Article 42 was included in the Constitution when it came into effect on January 26, 1950. The Constituent Assembly debates highlighted the necessity of protecting workers’ rights, especially in a developing nation with diverse labor needs. Members argued for provisions that would ensure fair treatment and a humane working environment, reflecting the principles of social justice. Article 42 is part of the broader Directive Principles of State Policy, which guide the government in creating equitable laws. Although there have been no amendments to Article 42, various Supreme Court cases have reinforced its significance, particularly regarding maternity rights and worker protections.
Which of the following statements regarding Article 42 of the Indian Constitution is correct? A) It mandates maternity leave for all workers. B) It prohibits any form of labor exploitation. C) It ensures just and humane conditions of work for all workers. D) It applies only to government employees. Analyze each option carefully and select the one that accurately reflects the provisions of Article 42 and its implications for workers’ rights within the Indian workforce.
The correct answer is C. Article 42 ensures just and humane conditions of work for all workers. This article mandates the state to provide necessary support, including maternity relief. Options A and D misinterpret the article’s scope, while B is too broad.
Article 42 ensures just and humane working conditions and provides maternity relief for women workers. It mandates the creation of laws that protect workers’ rights, ensuring safe work environments and maternity benefits. For example, laws like the Maternity Benefit Act relate directly to this article, helping improve the overall quality of life for employees.
This includes provisions like maternity leave, job security during and after pregnancy, and access to healthcare services. Such measures help alleviate the challenges faced by working women, ensuring they do not have to choose between their careers and family responsibilities. Though Article 42 sets a framework for humane working conditions, there can be exceptions based on industry needs or economic considerations.
The practical impact of this article can be seen in various labor laws and policies that have emerged since the Constitution’s adoption. Governments at both central and state levels have developed regulations that align with this article, aiming to uplift the standards of labor and improve the quality of life for workers across the nation. These provisions not only promote fairness in the workplace but also contribute to a healthier workforce, ultimately benefiting society as a whole.
Article 178: The Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the Legislative Assembly Every Legislative Assembly of a State shall, as soon as may be, choose two members of
Article 176: Special address by the Governor (1) At the commencement of the first session after each general election to the Legislative Assembly and at the
Article 177: Rights of Ministers and Advocate-General as respects the Houses Every Minister and the Advocate-General for a State shall have the right to speak
Article 174: Sessions of the State Legislature, prorogation and dissolution (1) The Governor shall from time to time summon the House or each House of the
Article 175: Right of Governor to address and send messages to the House or Houses (1) The Governor may address the Legislative Assembly or, in the case of a
Article 172: Duration of State Legislatures (1) Every Legislative Assembly of every State, unless sooner dissolved, shall continue for five years from the
Article 173: Qualification for membership of the State Legislature A person shall not be qualified to be chosen to fill a seat in the Legislature of aState
Article 170: Composition of the Legislative Assemblies (1) Subject to the provisions of article 333, the Legislative Assembly of each State shall consist of
Article 171: Composition of the Legislative Councils (1) The total number of members in the Legislative Council of a State having such a Council shall not
Article 168: Constitution of Legislatures in States (1) For every State there shall be a Legislature which shall consist of the Governor, and— (a) in the
Article 169: Abolition or creation of Legislative Councils in States (1) Notwithstanding anything in article 168, Parliament may by law provide for the
Article 166: Conduct of business of the Government of a State (1) All executive action of the Government of a State shall be expressed to be taken in the name
Article 167: Duties of Chief Minister as respects the furnishing of information to Governor, etc. It shall be the duty of the Chief Minister of each State—
Article 164: Other provisions as to Ministers (1) The Chief Minister shall be appointed by the Governor and the other Ministers shall be appointed by the
Article 165: Advocate-General for the State (1) The Governor of each State shall appoint a person who is qualified to be appointed a Judge of a High Court to
Article 163: Council of Ministers to aid and advise Governor (1) There shall be a Council of Ministers with the Chief Minister at the head to aid and advise
Article 162: Extent of executive power of State Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the executive power of a State shall extend to the matters
Article 160: Discharge of the functions of the Governor in certain contingencies The President may make such provision as he thinks fit for the discharge of
Article 161: Power of Governor to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences in certain cases The Governor of a State shall have the
Article 158: Conditions of Governor’s office (1) The Governor shall not be a member of either House of Parliament or of a House of the Legislature of any
Article 159: Oath or affirmation by the Governor Every Governor and every person discharging the functions of the Governor shall, before entering upon his
Article 156: Term of office of Governor (1) The Governor shall hold office during the pleasure of the President. (2) The Governor may, by writing under his
Article 157: Qualifications for appointment as Governor No person shall be eligible for appointment as Governor unless he is a citizen of India and has
Article 154: Executive power of State (1) The executive power of the State shall be vested in the Governor and shall be exercised by him either directly or
Article 155: Appointment of Governor The Governor of a State shall be appointed by the President by warrant under his hand and seal.
Article 152: Definition In this Part, unless the context otherwise requires, the expression “State” does not include the State of Jammu and Kashmir.
Article 153: Governors of States There shall be a Governor for each State: Provided that nothing in this article shall prevent the appointment of the same
Article 150: Form of accounts of the Union and of the States The accounts of the Union and of the States shall be kept in such form as the President may, on
Article 151: Audit reports (1) The reports of the Comptroller and AuditorGeneral of India relating to the accounts of the Union shall be submitted to the
Article 148: Comptroller and Auditor-General of India (1) There shall be a Comptroller and Auditor-General of India who shall be appointed by the President by
Article 149: Duties and powers of the Comptroller and Auditor-General The Comptroller and Auditor-General shall perform such duties and exercise such powers
Article 147: Interpretation In this Chapter and in Chapter V of Part VI, references to any substantial question of law as to the interpretation of this
Article 146: Officers and servants and the expenses of the Supreme Court (1) Appointments of officers and servants of the Supreme Court shall be made by the
Article 144: Civil and judicial authorities to act in aid of the Supreme Court All authorities, civil and judicial, in the territory of India shall act in aid
Article 145 of Indian Constitution: Rules of Court.
Article 142 Article 142 provides a unique power to the Supreme Court, to do complete justice between the parties, where at times law or statute may not
Article 143: Power of President to consult Supreme Court (1) If at any time it appears to the President that a question of law or fact has arisen, or is
Article 141: Law declared by Supreme Court to be binding on all courts The law declared by the Supreme Court shall be binding on all courts within the
Article 142: Enforcement of decrees and orders of Supreme Court and orders as to discovery, etc. (1) The Supreme Court in the exercise of its jurisdiction may
Article 139A: Transfer of certain cases (1) Where cases involving the same or substantially the same questions of law are pending before the Supreme Court and
Article 140: Ancillary powers of Supreme Court Parliament may by law make provision for conferring upon the Supreme Court such supplemental powers not
Article 138: Enlargement of the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court (1) The Supreme Court shall have such further jurisdiction and powers with respect to any of
Article 139: Conferment on the Supreme Court of powers to issue certain writs Parliament may by law confer on the Supreme Court power to issue directions,
Article 136: Special leave to appeal by the Supreme Court (1) Notwithstanding anything in this Chapter, the Supreme Court may, in its discretion, grant
Article 137: Review of judgments or orders by the Supreme Court Subject to the provisions of any law made by Parliament or any rules made under article 145,
Article 134A: Certificate for appeal to the Supreme Court Every High Court, passing or making a judgment, decree, final order, or sentence, referred to in
Article 135: Jurisdiction and powers of the Federal Court under existing law to be exercisable by the Supreme Court Until Parliament by law otherwise
Article 134: Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in regard to criminal matters (1) An appeal shall lie to the Supreme Court from any judgment, final order
Article 133: Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts in regard to civil matters (1) An appeal shall lie to the Supreme Court from
Article 131: Original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the Supreme Court shall, to the exclusion of any other