📚 UPSC Relevant
Article 99 of the Indian Constitution outlines the requirement for members of Parliament to take an oath or affirmation before assuming their duties. This process is key because it ensures that all members commit to uphold the Constitution and perform their responsibilities with integrity. The oath must be taken before the President or a designated person, which reinforces the importance of this pledge in the democratic system. The form of the oath is provided in the Third Schedule of the Constitution, making it standardized for all members, thus promoting uniformity and accountability. Every member of either the Lok Sabha or the Rajya Sabha is affected by this article. This means that whether you are a newly elected Member of Parliament (MP) or a seasoned one, you must complete this oath process. There are no exceptions to this requirement, as it is a foundational step before taking their seat. The oath serves as a reminder of their duty to the nation and its citizens, setting a tone of responsibility and dedication right from the start of their term. The real-world impact is evident as it fosters trust among citizens, ensuring that their representatives are committed to the democratic principles of the country. The requirement for an oath or affirmation also holds members accountable for their actions in Parliament. It acts as a legal and ethical guideline, reminding them of their obligations towards the Constitution and the people they represent. If a member violates this oath, they can be held liable. This reinforces the idea that every action taken within Parliament should reflect the values enshrined in the Constitution. The process of taking an oath before the President signifies the importance of the role of the Parliament in governance and democracy, thereby strengthening the fabric of the nation’s political structure.
Article 99 was included in the Constitution when it was adopted on January 26, 1950. During the Constituent Assembly debates, there was a strong emphasis on the need for accountability in governance. The framers believed that an oath would bind members to their duties and uphold democratic values. This article has not undergone any amendments since its inception, highlighting its foundational role in parliamentary democracy. Key Supreme Court cases have upheld this provision as key for maintaining the integrity of Parliament.
Consider the following statements about Article 99: 1. Every MP must take an oath before sitting or voting in Parliament. 2. The form of oath for MPs is prescribed in the Second Schedule. 3. A member who sits without taking the oath is liable to a penalty under Article 104. 4. The oath requires allegiance to the Constitution and commitment to India’s sovereignty. Which statements are correct? a) 1 and 3 only b) 1, 3 and 4 only c) 2 and 4 only d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
The correct answer is B. Article 99 specifies that the format of the oath is provided in the Third Schedule. This standardization ensures that all members take the same oath. Options A and D are incorrect as they misrepresent the requirements of taking the oath, while option C is misleading since the oath must be in a specified format.
Article 99 of the Indian Constitution outlines the requirement for members of Parliament to take an oath or affirmation before assuming their duties. This process is key because it ensures that all members commit to uphold the Constitution and perform their responsibilities with integrity. The oath must be taken before the President or a designated person, which reinforces the importance of this pledge in the democratic system.
The oath serves as a reminder of their duty to the nation and its citizens, setting a tone of responsibility and dedication right from the start of their term. The real-world impact is evident as it fosters trust among citizens, ensuring that their representatives are committed to the democratic principles of the country. The requirement for an oath or affirmation also holds members accountable for their actions in Parliament.
If a member violates this oath, they can be held liable. This reinforces the idea that every action taken within Parliament should reflect the values enshrined in the Constitution. The process of taking an oath before the President signifies the importance of the role of the Parliament in governance and democracy, thereby strengthening the fabric of the nation’s political structure.
Article 395: Repeals The Indian Independence Act, 1947, and the Government of India Act, 1935, together with all enactments amending or supplementing the
Article 394: Commencement This article and articles 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 60, 324, 366, 367, 379, 380, 388, 391, 392 and 393 shall come into force at once, and the
Article 394A: Authoritative text in the Hindi language (1) The President shall cause to be published under his authority,— (a) the translation of this
Article 392: Power of the President to remove difficulties (1) The President may, for the purpose of removing any difficulties, particularly in relation to
Article 393: Short title This Constitution may be called the Constitution of India.
Article 390: Money received or raised or expenditure incurred between the commencement of the Constitution and the 31st day of March, 1950 Omitted by the
Article 391: Power of the President to amend the First and Fourth Schedules in certain contingencies Omitted by the Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act,
Article 388: Provisions as to the filling of casual vacancies in the provisional Parliament and provisional Legislatures of the States Omitted by the
Article 389: Provision as to Bills pending in the Dominion Legislatures and in the Legislatures of Provinces and Indian States Omitted by the Constitution
Article 386: Council of Ministers for States in Part B of the First Schedule Omitted by the Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956, s. 29 and Sch. (w.e.f.
Article 387: Special provision as to determination of population for the purposes of certain elections Omitted by the Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act,
Article 384: Council of Ministers of the Governors Omitted by the Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956, s. 29 and Sch. (w.e.f. 1-11-1956).
Article 385: Provision as to provisional Legislatures in States in Part B of the First Schedule Omitted by the Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956, s.
Article 382:Provisions as to provisional Legislatures for States in Part A of the First Schedule Omitted by the Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956, s.
Omitted by the Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956, s. 29 and Sch. (w.e.f. 1-11-1956).
Article 380: Provision as to President Omitted by the Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956, s. 29 and Sch. (w.e.f. 1-11-1956).
Article 381: Council of Ministers of the President Omitted by the Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956, s. 29 and Sch. (w.e.f. 1-11-1956).
Article 378A: Special provision as to duration of Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly Notwithstanding anything contained in article 172, the Legislative
Article 379: Provisions as to provisional Parliament and the Speaker and Deputy Speaker thereof Omitted by the Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956, s.
Article 377: Provisions as to Comptroller and Auditor-General of India The Auditor-General of India holding office immediately before the commencement of this
Article 378: Provisions as to Public Service Commissions (1) The members of the Public Service Commission for the Dominion of India holding office immediately
Article 375: Courts, authorities and officers to continue to function subject to the provisions of the Constitution All courts of civil, criminal and revenue
Article 376: Provisions as to Judges of High Courts (1) Notwithstanding anything in clause (2) of article 217, the Judges of a High Court in any Province
Article 373: Power of President to make order in respect of persons under preventive detention in certain cases Until provision is made by Parliament under
Article 374: Provisions as to Judges of the Federal Court and proceedings pending in the Federal Court or before His Majesty in Council (1) The Judges of the
Article 372: Continuance in force of existing laws and their adaptation (1) Notwithstanding the repeal by this Constitution of the enactments referred to in
Article 372A: Power of the President to adapt laws. (1) For the purposes of bringing the provisions of any law in force in India or in any part thereof,
Article 371I: Special provision with respect to the State of Goa Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, the Legislative Assembly of the State of Goa
Article 371J: Special provisions with respect to the State of Karnataka (1) The President may, by order made with respect to the State of Karnataka, provide
Article 371G: Special provision with respect to the State of Mizoram Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution,— (a) no Act of Parliament in respect of—
Article 371H: Special provision with respect to the State of Arunachal Pradesh Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution,— (a) the Governor of Arunachal
Article 371E: Establishment of Central University in Andhra Pradesh Parliament may by law provide for the establishment of a University in the State of Andhra
Article 371F: Special provisions with respect to the State of Sikkim Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution,— (a) the Legislative Assembly of the State
Explanation.—In this article, the expression “Hill Areas” means such areas as the President may, by order, declare to be Hill areas.
Article 371D: Special provisions with respect to the State of Andhra Pradesh or the State of Telangana (1) The President may by order made with respect to the
Article 371A: Special provision with respect to the State of Nagaland (1) Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution,— (a) no Act of Parliament in respect
Article 371B: Special provision with respect to the State of Assam Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, the President may, by order made with
Article 370: Temporary provisions with respect to the State of Jammu and Kashmir (1) Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution,— (a) the provisions of
Article 371: Special provision with respect to the States of Maharashtra and Gujarat (2) Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, the President may by
Article 368: Power of Parliament to amend the Constitution and procedure therefor (1) Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, Parliament may in
Article 369: Temporary power to Parliament to make laws with respect to certain matters in the State List as if they were matters in the Concurrent List
Article 366: Definitions In this Constitution, unless the context otherwise requires, the followingexpressions have the meanings hereby respectively assigned
Article 367: Interpretation (1) Unless the context otherwise requires, the General Clauses Act, 1897, shall, subject to any adaptations and modifications that
Article 364: Special provisions as to major ports and aerodromes (1) Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, the President may by public notification
Article 365: Effect of failure to comply with, or to give effect to, directions given by the Union Where any State has failed to comply with, or to give
Article 363: Bar to interference by courts in disputes arising out of certain treaties, agreements, etc. (1) Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution but
Article 363A: Recognition granted to Rulers of Indian States to cease and privy purses to be abolished Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution or in any
Article 361B: Disqualification for appointment on remunerative political post A member of a House belonging to any political party who is disqualified for
Article 362: Rights and privileges of Rulers of Indian States Omitted by the Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment)Act, 1971, s. 2 (w.e.f. 28-12-1971).
Article 361: Protection of President and Governors and Rajpramukhs (1) The President, or the Governor or Rajpramukh of a State, shall not be answerable to any
Explanation.—In this article, “newspaper” includes a news agency report containing material for publication in a newspaper.
Article 359A: Application of this Part to the State of Punjab Omitted by the Constitution (Sixty-third Amendment) Act, 1989, s. 3 (w.e.f. 6-1-1990).
Article 360: Provisions as to financial emergency (1) If the President is satisfied that a situation has arisen whereby the financial stability or credit of
Article 358: Suspension of provisions of article 19 during emergencies (1) While a Proclamation of Emergency declaring that the security of India or any part
Article 359: Suspension of the enforcement of the rights conferred by Part III during emergencies (1) Where a Proclamation of Emergency is in operation, the
Article 356: Provisions in case of failure of constitutional machinery in States (1) If the President, on receipt of a report from the Governor of a State or
Article 357: Exercise of legislative powers under Proclamation issued under article 356 (1) Where by a Proclamation issued under clause (1) of article 356, it
Article 354: Application of provisions relating to distribution of revenues while a Proclamation of Emergency is in operation. (1) The President may, while a
Article 355: Duty of the Union to protect States against external aggression and internal disturbance It shall be the duty of the Union to protect every State
Article 352: Proclamation of Emergency. (1) If the President is satisfied that a grave emergency exists whereby the security of India or of any part of the
